Species

Pyriculariopsis

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Pyriculariopsis parasitica (Sacc. & Berl.) M.B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 207. 1971. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 322173.
≡ Helminthosporium parasiticum Sacc. & Berl., Revue mycologique, Toulouse 11(no. 44): 204. 1889.
= Pyricularia musae S. Hughes, Canadian Journal of Botany 36 (6): 800. 1958.

On CMA with sterile rice seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 2–4.5 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, unbranched, subcylindrical, straight or curved, medium brown, thick-walled, smooth, 5–10-septate, 95–200 × 8–13.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, medium brown, smooth, 30–45 × 5–7.5 μm, forming a rachis with several protruding denticles, 2–3.5 × 2–4.5 μm, and a minute marginal frill. Conidia solitary, obclavate, guttulate, 3-septate, smooth, unequally colored, with brown median cells, olivaceous to subhyaline apical and basal cell, 45–65 × 8–10.5 μm; hilum truncate, slightly protruding, with marginal frill, unthickened, not darkened, 2–3 μm diam; apex tapering, subacutely rounded, with a mucoid cap, 3–5 μm diam. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 9 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface flat, transparent with dark mouse-grey areas; reverse with dark spots. Colonies on MEA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; aerial mycelium, white, mouse-grey in center, raised, cottony, round; reverse dark mouse-grey in center. Colonies on CMA and OA 9 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent, with thin, spreading mycelium with scattered dark spots of sporulation (Colony description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Unknown.

Gene sequences: DQ341514 (28S).

Specimens examined: China, Hong Kong, Discovery Bay, Lantao Island, on leaves of Musa, 5 Oct. 1999, K.D. Hyde, HKUCC5562 (Maew HK1, CBS114793).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Musa (Musaceae).

Distribution: China.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

 

Omnidemptus

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Omnidemptus affinis P.F. Cannon & Alcorn, Mycotaxon 51: 483. 1994. (Type species).

Ascomata perithecial, solitary to gregarious, immersed, globose to subglobose, black, 145–205 μm diam, with a cylindrical, long neck, 100–250 μm long, 80–110 μm at base, 40–60 μm at apex. Paraphyses hyaline, septate, 3–6 μm wide. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, 54–68 × 10–13 μm, with an apical ring, 2–3 × 4 μm. Ascospores biseriate, fusiform, curved, 1- or 3-septate, hyaline, smooth, 24.5–33 × 4–5.5 μm. In culture, hyphae septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 2–5.5 μm diam. Conidiomata irregularly shaped, dark brown to black, 50–160 μm diam. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform, cylindrical to ellipsoid, dark brown, 11–22 × 6–10 μm, with a cylindrical to flared collarette, 3–4 μm diam. Conidia falcate, 1–2-septate, hyaline, smooth, 21–30 × 3–4 μm. Hyphopodia lobed, olivaceous brown, smooth, 7.5–14 × 5–8.5(–11) μm (Description from Cannon and Alcorn, 1994).

Typification: Holotype BRIP17195. Isotype IMI353435. Ex-holotype culture BRIP17195 (CBS141031, ATCC 200212).

Gene sequences: JX134660 (18S), JX134674 (ITS), JX134686 (28S), JX134714 (MCM7), JX134728 (RPB1), JX134700 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798629 (transcriptome).

Hosts/substrates: From leaf spots of Panicum effusum (Poaceae).

Distribution: Australia, Spain.

Omnidemptus graminis Hern.-Restr., Gene & Guarro, Persoonia 42: 223. 2019.

Hyphae septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 1–3 μm diam. Conidiomata absent or sporodochium-like, irregularly shaped, diffuse, punctiform, dark brown to black. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform to subglobose, brown, smooth, 10–14 μm diam, with a cylindrical collarette, 1 × 3 μm. Conidia falcate, (0–)1-septate, hyaline, smooth, 11–23 × 3–4 μm. Hyphopodia lobed, brown, smooth, 10–15 × 7.5–10 μm, with 1–2 germ pores, 1–3 μm diam. Asexual state unknown.

Colonies on MEA 1.8–2 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface elevated, cottony, vinaceous buff; margin uneven; reverse black in center, white at periphery. Colonies on OA 3–4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface zonate, center cottony, pale mouse grey, periphery glabrous, mouse grey; margin diffuse; reverse mouse grey (Description from Hernandez-Restrepo et al., 2019).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-21887. Ex-holotype culture CBS138107 (FMR12415).

Gene sequences: MK487758 (ITS), MK487734 (28S), MK495980 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of grasses.

Distribution: Spain.

Omnidemptus lunatus (B. Sutton & Alcorn) Hern.-Restr., J.D.P. Bezerra & Crous, Persoonia 42: 223. 2019.

Conidiomata sporodochium, irregularly shaped, diffuse, light to medium brown. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform, doliiform to lageniform, light brown, smooth, 10.5 –13 × 6.5–11 μm, with a cylindrical collarette, 3–4.5 μm diam. Conidia falcate, 1-septate, hyaline, smooth, 24.5–32 × 3.5–4.5 μm (Description from Sutton and Alcorn, 1985).

Typification: Holotype IMI271703. Ex-holotype culture IMI271703 (BRIP13852).

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Carpobrotus glaucescens (Aizoaceae).

Distribution: Australia.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Neogaeumannomyces

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Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola D.Q. Dai & K.D. Hyde,Fungal Diversity 72: 35. 2015. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 550937.

Ascomata perithecial, solitary to gregarious, immersed, globose to subglobose, black, 500–850 × 350–500 μm, with a cylindrical neck, 50–80 μm long. Ascomatal wall consisting of two layers, 50–70 μm thick. Paraphyses hyaline, septate. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, 105–110 × 10–20 μm, with a short furcate pedicel and an apical ring. Ascospores filiform, curved, 2–3-septate, guttulate, hyaline, smooth, 85–105 × 4–5.5 μm. Asexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 4.5 cm diam after 14 days at 28 °C; surface velvety to hairy, drift white; aerial mycelium hyaline; margin effuse, uneven; reverse dark brown (Description from Liu et al., 2015).

Typification: Holotype MFLU14-0822. Ex-holotype culture MFLUCC11-0390.

Gene sequences: KP753956 (18S), KP744449 (ITS), KP744492 (28S).

Hosts/substrates: On dead culm of Bambuseae (Poaceae).

Distribution: Thailand.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Key to the species of Nakataea

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1. Conidia with appendages ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
1′. Conidia without appendages ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

2. Conidia with a simple, short appendage at both ends ……………………………………………………………………….…..3
2′. Conidia 4-septate, with a long, coiled appendage at the apex …………….…..……….…………….. Nakataea serpens

3. Conidia 3-septate, 25–35 × 6.5–9.5 μm ………………………………………………………………..……… Nakataea setulosa
3′. Conidia 5-septate, 30–40 × 7–8.5 μm ……………………………………………………………………… Nakataea multiseptata

4. Conidia averaging < 30 µm long ……………………………………………………………………….…………………………… 5
4′. Conidia 3-septate, 55–75 × 12–17.5 µm ……………………………………………………. Nakataea oryzae (Type species)

5. Conidia 3-septate, 18–26 × 8–9.5 μm …………………………………………………………….…….. Nakataea curvularioides
5′. Conidia 3–4-septate 19–25 × 3–5 μm ………………………………………………………………………….. Nakataea rarissima

Herbampulla

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Herbampulla crassirostris Scheuer & Nograsek, Mycotaxon 47: 419. 1993. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 360159.

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to ellipsoidal, dark brown, 500–650 × 240–300 μm, with a cylindrical neck, up to 200 μm long. Paraphyses filiform, septate, hyaline, dissolving at maturity, 2–5 μm wide. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical 80–129 × 10–12(–15) μm, with a refractive ring, 2.8 × 2.8 μm. Ascospores fusiform, light brown, smooth, 30–44(–48) × 4–6(–7.5) μm. Asexual state unknown (Description from Scheuer and Nograsek, 1993).

Typification: Holotype GZU, Mayrhofer, 9 Jul. 1982.

Hosts/substrates: On Carex firma (Cyperaceae) and Sesleria varia (Poaceae).

Distribution: Austria, Switzerland.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Falciphoriella

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Falciphoriella solaniterrestris Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 9. 2016. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 816903.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On MEA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to subhyaline, smooth, 1,5–4.5 μm diam. Conidiophores branched, hyaline to light brown. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, solitary or grouped, terminal or intercalary, cylindrical, lageniform to conical, straight or curved, hyaline to light brown, 5–29 × 1.5–3.5 μm, with cylindrical to funnel-shaped collarette, up to 2.5 μm long, 1–2 μm diam. Conidia fusiform to obovoid, slightly curved at ends, usually pointed base, hyaline, 5–13 × 1–2 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 3.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; aerial mycelium cottony, vinaceous buff; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse no change. Colonies on CMA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; aerial mycelium abundant, dense in center, cottony; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse; reverse sepia in center, colorless to periphery. Colonies on OA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface flat; aerial mycelium cottony, white; submerged mycelium pale luteous in center, colorless to periphery; margin diffuse; reverse colorless to yellow (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-22572. Ex-holotype culture CBS117.83.

Gene sequences: KM484842 (ITS), KM484959 (28S), KM485058 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: From soil in a potato field.

Distribution: The Netherlands (Groningen).

Gaeumannomyces

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Gaeumannomyces amomi Bussaban, Lumyong, P. Lumyong, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 73(3-4): 488. 2001.

Gaeumannomyces arxii Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 29. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces australiensis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 29. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces avenae (E.M. Turner) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 15. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces californicus Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 33. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces ellisiorum Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 33. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces floridanus Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 34. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces fusiformis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 35. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces glycinicola Hern.-Restr., G. Canning & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 35. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces graminicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 38. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 35(1): 32. 1952. (Type species).

Gaeumannomyces hyphopodioides Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 40. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces licualae J. Fröhl. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 3: 257. 2000.

Gaeumannomyces mirabilis (I. Hino & Katum.) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, Nizshie Rasteniya, Griby i Mokhoobraznye Dalnego Vostoka Rossii, Griby. Tom 4. Pirenomitsety i Lokuloaskomitsety (Sankt-Peterburg): 147. 1998.

Gaeumannomyces oryzicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 41. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces oryzinus (Sacc.) Schrantz, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 76(4): 337. 1961.

Gaeumannomyces radicicola (Cain) J. Luo & N. Zhang, Mycologia 107(3): 644. 2015.

Gaeumannomyces setariicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 44. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces tritici (J. Walker) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 26. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces walkeri Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 45. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces wongoonoo P. Wong, Mycol. Res. 106(7): 861. 2002.

Gaeumannomycella

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Gaeumannomycella caricis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 27. 2016. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB816904.

On PDA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 1.5–6.5 μm diam. Conidiophores slightly differentiated, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, scarce, forming close to hyphopodia, mostly grouped, terminal sometimes intercalary, ampulliform, lageniform or conical, straight or curved, hyaline to pale brown, 6.5–12 × 3–4 μm, with an inconspicuous collarette, up to 1 μm long, 1 μm diam. Conidia lunate or cylindrical, hyaline, 6.5–9.5 × 1–2 μm. Hyphopodia lobed at maturity, hyaline to brown, 15–31 × 10–23 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 3.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface flat; aerial mycelium scarce to moderate, cottony, white, pale grey; submerged mycelium dark or white; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark. Colonies on MEA 3.6 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface elevated; aerial mycelium moderate to abundant dense, cottony, white; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark in center, colorless to periphery. Colonies on OA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface elevate; aerial mycelium moderate to abundant, cottony to funiculose; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-225750. Ex-holotype culture CBS388.81.

Gene sequences: KX306478 (ITS), KX306548 (28S), KX306671 (RPB1), KX306675 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On Carex rostrata (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: UK (Wales, Powys).

Falciphora

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Falciphora oryzae (Z.L. Yuan, C.L. Zhang & F.C. Lin) J. Luo & N. Zhang, Mycologia 107(3): 644. 2015. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 810802.
    ≡ Harpophora oryzae Z.L. Yuan, C.L. Zhang & F.C. Lin, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 307(1): 96. 2010.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On PDA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 2–3.5 μm diam. Conidiophores unbranched or branched, bi- to terverticillate, 15–110 × 2.8–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal or intercalary, aggregated in clusters, light brown to brown, 5.5–14 × 2.5–3 μm, with a cylindrical collarette, 0.5–1.2 μm diam. Conidia aggregated in slimy heads, sickle-shaped, strongly curved, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 7.5–9 × 0.8–1.2 μm. Chlamydospores intercalary, occasionally in chains, obovoid to ellipsoid. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA or MEA 4.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface gray olivaceous to dark olivaceous; aerial mycelium dense, gray; submerged hyphae rope-like; reverse gray olivaceous (Description from Yuan et al., 2010).

Typification: Holotype R5-6-1. Ex-holotype culture R5-6-1.

Gene sequences: KJ026707 (18S), EU636699 (ITS), KJ026705 (28S), KJ026709 (MCM7), KJ026708 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: JNVV01000000 (genome).

Hosts/substrates: On roots of Oryza (Poaceae).

Distribution: China (Yunnan).

Notes: Yuan et al. (2010) reported Falciphora oryzae as a beneficial endophyte from wild rice, which may contribute towards growth promotion of rice (Oryza sativa). Xu et al. (2014) published its genome data and revealed the evolution from a pathogen to a mutualistic endophyte.