Magnaporthaceae

Herbampulla

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Herbampulla crassirostris Scheuer & Nograsek, Mycotaxon 47: 419. 1993. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 360159.

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to ellipsoidal, dark brown, 500–650 × 240–300 μm, with a cylindrical neck, up to 200 μm long. Paraphyses filiform, septate, hyaline, dissolving at maturity, 2–5 μm wide. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical 80–129 × 10–12(–15) μm, with a refractive ring, 2.8 × 2.8 μm. Ascospores fusiform, light brown, smooth, 30–44(–48) × 4–6(–7.5) μm. Asexual state unknown (Description from Scheuer and Nograsek, 1993).

Typification: Holotype GZU, Mayrhofer, 9 Jul. 1982.

Hosts/substrates: On Carex firma (Cyperaceae) and Sesleria varia (Poaceae).

Distribution: Austria, Switzerland.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Falciphoriella

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Falciphoriella solaniterrestris Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 9. 2016. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 816903.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On MEA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to subhyaline, smooth, 1,5–4.5 μm diam. Conidiophores branched, hyaline to light brown. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, solitary or grouped, terminal or intercalary, cylindrical, lageniform to conical, straight or curved, hyaline to light brown, 5–29 × 1.5–3.5 μm, with cylindrical to funnel-shaped collarette, up to 2.5 μm long, 1–2 μm diam. Conidia fusiform to obovoid, slightly curved at ends, usually pointed base, hyaline, 5–13 × 1–2 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 3.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; aerial mycelium cottony, vinaceous buff; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse no change. Colonies on CMA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; aerial mycelium abundant, dense in center, cottony; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse; reverse sepia in center, colorless to periphery. Colonies on OA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface flat; aerial mycelium cottony, white; submerged mycelium pale luteous in center, colorless to periphery; margin diffuse; reverse colorless to yellow (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-22572. Ex-holotype culture CBS117.83.

Gene sequences: KM484842 (ITS), KM484959 (28S), KM485058 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: From soil in a potato field.

Distribution: The Netherlands (Groningen).

Gaeumannomyces

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Gaeumannomyces amomi Bussaban, Lumyong, P. Lumyong, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 73(3-4): 488. 2001.

Gaeumannomyces arxii Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 29. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces australiensis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 29. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces avenae (E.M. Turner) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 15. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces californicus Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 33. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces ellisiorum Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 33. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces floridanus Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 34. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces fusiformis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 35. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces glycinicola Hern.-Restr., G. Canning & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 35. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces graminicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 38. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 35(1): 32. 1952. (Type species).

Gaeumannomyces hyphopodioides Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 40. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces licualae J. Fröhl. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 3: 257. 2000.

Gaeumannomyces mirabilis (I. Hino & Katum.) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, Nizshie Rasteniya, Griby i Mokhoobraznye Dalnego Vostoka Rossii, Griby. Tom 4. Pirenomitsety i Lokuloaskomitsety (Sankt-Peterburg): 147. 1998.

Gaeumannomyces oryzicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 41. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces oryzinus (Sacc.) Schrantz, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 76(4): 337. 1961.

Gaeumannomyces radicicola (Cain) J. Luo & N. Zhang, Mycologia 107(3): 644. 2015.

Gaeumannomyces setariicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 44. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces tritici (J. Walker) Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 26. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces walkeri Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 45. 2016.

Gaeumannomyces wongoonoo P. Wong, Mycol. Res. 106(7): 861. 2002.

Gaeumannomycella

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Gaeumannomycella caricis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 27. 2016. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB816904.

On PDA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 1.5–6.5 μm diam. Conidiophores slightly differentiated, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, scarce, forming close to hyphopodia, mostly grouped, terminal sometimes intercalary, ampulliform, lageniform or conical, straight or curved, hyaline to pale brown, 6.5–12 × 3–4 μm, with an inconspicuous collarette, up to 1 μm long, 1 μm diam. Conidia lunate or cylindrical, hyaline, 6.5–9.5 × 1–2 μm. Hyphopodia lobed at maturity, hyaline to brown, 15–31 × 10–23 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 3.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface flat; aerial mycelium scarce to moderate, cottony, white, pale grey; submerged mycelium dark or white; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark. Colonies on MEA 3.6 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface elevated; aerial mycelium moderate to abundant dense, cottony, white; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark in center, colorless to periphery. Colonies on OA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface elevate; aerial mycelium moderate to abundant, cottony to funiculose; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-225750. Ex-holotype culture CBS388.81.

Gene sequences: KX306478 (ITS), KX306548 (28S), KX306671 (RPB1), KX306675 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On Carex rostrata (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: UK (Wales, Powys).

Falciphora

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Falciphora oryzae (Z.L. Yuan, C.L. Zhang & F.C. Lin) J. Luo & N. Zhang, Mycologia 107(3): 644. 2015. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 810802.
    ≡ Harpophora oryzae Z.L. Yuan, C.L. Zhang & F.C. Lin, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 307(1): 96. 2010.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On PDA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 2–3.5 μm diam. Conidiophores unbranched or branched, bi- to terverticillate, 15–110 × 2.8–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal or intercalary, aggregated in clusters, light brown to brown, 5.5–14 × 2.5–3 μm, with a cylindrical collarette, 0.5–1.2 μm diam. Conidia aggregated in slimy heads, sickle-shaped, strongly curved, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 7.5–9 × 0.8–1.2 μm. Chlamydospores intercalary, occasionally in chains, obovoid to ellipsoid. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA or MEA 4.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface gray olivaceous to dark olivaceous; aerial mycelium dense, gray; submerged hyphae rope-like; reverse gray olivaceous (Description from Yuan et al., 2010).

Typification: Holotype R5-6-1. Ex-holotype culture R5-6-1.

Gene sequences: KJ026707 (18S), EU636699 (ITS), KJ026705 (28S), KJ026709 (MCM7), KJ026708 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: JNVV01000000 (genome).

Hosts/substrates: On roots of Oryza (Poaceae).

Distribution: China (Yunnan).

Notes: Yuan et al. (2010) reported Falciphora oryzae as a beneficial endophyte from wild rice, which may contribute towards growth promotion of rice (Oryza sativa). Xu et al. (2014) published its genome data and revealed the evolution from a pathogen to a mutualistic endophyte.

 

Clavatisporella

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Clavatisporella musicola K.D. Hyde, Mycotaxon 55: 276. 1995. (Type species).

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary or gregarious, globose to subglobose, light brown, up to 140 μm diam, 120 μm high, with a non-protruding ostiole. Paraphyses hyaline, septate, up to 10 μm wide. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, 93–140 × 12–15 μm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 2–3-seriate in ascus, irregularly fusiform to clavate, 1–2-septate, hyaline, appendiculate, 21–30 × 6–9 μm. Asexual state unknown (Description from Hyde, 1995).

Typification: Holotype BRIP22403.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Hosts/substrates: On dead leaves of Musa (Musaceae).

Distribution: Indonesia (Irian Jaya).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Clasterosporium

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Clasterosporium caricinum (Fr.) Schwein., Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 4(2): 300. 1832. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 197664.

Hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 3–6 μm diam. Conidiophores unbranched, straight to curved, 0–3(–7)-septate, hyaline to brown, 9–52(–130) × 4–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate or percurrent, cylindrical. Conidia solitary, cylindrical to obclavate, straight to slightly curved, 7–17-septate, hyaline to dark brown, smooth, 70–360 × 11–20 μm, with a truncate base. Hyphopodia lobed, light brown, 14–24 × 10–20 μm. Sexual state unknown (Description from Ellis et al., 1951).

Typification: Unknown.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Carex and Scirpus acutus (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: Canada, Poland, Russia, UK, USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 

Bussabanomyces

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Bussabanomyces longisporus (Bussaban) Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 100. 2014. (Type species).

Hyphae branched, septate, light brown, verruculose, 3–5 μm diam. Conidiophores macronematous, sparsely branched, straight, septate, light brown near base, subhyaline at apex, up to 400 μm long, 3–4.6 μm diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, denticulate; each denticle cylindrical, thin-walled, mostly cut off by septum to form a separating cell. Conidia solitary, dry, obclavate, 4(–5)-septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 47–72 × 5.6–7.6 μm. Sexual state unknown (Description from Bussaban et al., 2003).

Colonies on PDA after 7 days at 25 °C in dark, olivaceous with central tufts. Colonies on MEA 2.3–2.4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark, surface pale olivaceous-grey, irregularly raised with a hairy edge, velutinous aerial mycelium, white, mouse-grey in center, raised, cottony, round; reverse umber to chestnut. Colonies on CMA and OA 2.6–3.1 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; similar appearance to MEA (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype BCC11377. Ex-holotype culture CBS125232.

Gene sequences: KM009154 (28S), KM009166 (ITS), KM009202 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798619 (transcriptome).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Amomum siamense and Alpinia malaccensis (Zingiberaceae).

Distribution: Thailand (Chiang Mai).

Buergenerula

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Buergenerula biseptata (Rostr.) Syd., Annls mycol. 34(4/5): 392. 1936. (Type species).

Buergenerula caricis (R. Sprague) Arx, Revue Mycol., Paris 41(2): 265. 1977.

Buergenerula spartinae Kohlm. & R.V. Gessner, Can. J. Bot. 54(15): 1764. 1976.

Buergenerula zelandica McKenzie, Mycotaxon 42: 351. 1991.

A key to the species of Pseudophialophora

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1. Colony diameter ≥ 2.5 cm on PDA in the dark after 7 days at 25 C …………………………………………………………………………………… 2
1′. Colony diameter < 2.5 cm on PDA in the dark after 7 days at 25 C ………………………………………………………………………………….. 6

2. Conidia averaging ≥ 7.5 µm long …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
2′. Conidia averaging < 7.5 µm long …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

3. Colony dark green on PDA, associated with Eragrostis sp. …………………………… Pseudophialophora eragrostis (Type species)
3′. Colony greenish on PDA, associated with other hosts …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4

4. Conidia 7.5–10.5 x 2.5–3.5 µm, associated with Panicum sp. …………………………………………………. Pseudophialophora panicorum
4′. Conidia 8–12 x 3–5 µm, associated with Dichanthelium acuminatum ………………………………………. Pseudophialophora magnispora

5. Colony dark green on PDA ……………………………………………………………………………………….. Pseudophialophora whartonensis
5′. Colony greenish on PDA ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Pseudophialophora dichanthii

6. Conidia averaging < 2.5 µm wide …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 
6′. Conidia averaging ≥ 2.5 µm wide ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

7. Colony sulphur yellow on PDA ……………………………………………………………………………………. Pseudophialophora angusta
7′. Colony dark grey on PDA …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Pseudophialophora  sorghi

8. Colony sulphur yellow on PDA, conidia 5.5–8 x 2.5–3.5 µm …………………………………………………. Pseudophialophora schizachyrii
8′. Colony yellowish on PDA, conidia 7.5–9.5 x 2.5–3.5 µm ……………………………………………………………….. Pseudophialophora tarda