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Gaeumannomyces walkeri Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 45 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816901.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On MEA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to red brown, smooth, 1–4.5 μm diam. Conidiophores branched, verticillate, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal to intercalary, cylindrical to lageniform, straight or curved, hyaline to light brown, 6–23 × 2–3.5 μm, with a cylindrical, refractive collarette, up to 2.5 μm long, 1–2.5 μm wide. Conidia initially fusiform, 7.5–11 × 2–3 μm, becoming lunate, slightly to strongly curved, allantoid to fusiform, sinuous, hyaline, 5–14 × 1–1.5 μm. Hyphopodia lobed, brown, 20–31 × 18.5–24.5 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 6.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface flat; aerial mycelium scarce, pale olivaceous in center, colorless to periphery; margin diffuse; reverse pale olivaceous. Colonies on MEA 7 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface cottony; aerial mycelium abundant, funiculose white; margin uneven; reverse umber, darker in center. Colonies on OA 6 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface cottony; aerial mycelium moderate, white; submerged mycelium grey olivaceous; reverse isabelline (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-22586. Ex-holotype culture CBS141400 (CPC26028, FL156).

Gene sequences: KX306543 (ITS), KX306613 (28S), KX306670 (RPB1), KX306746 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On Stenotaphrum secundatum (Poaceae).

Distribution: USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces setariicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, in Hernández-Restrepo, Groenewald, Elliott, Canning, Mcmillan & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 44 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816899.

Morphological description: On MEA, mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, hyaline to brown, 1.2–4 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores simple or verticillate, often reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells mono- or poly-phialidic, terminal or intercalary, hyaline, cylindrical to lageniform, straight to curved, 6.5–28.5 × 2–4 μm, with a cylindrical to funnel-shaped, refractive collarette, up to 3 μm long, 1.5–2.5 μm diam. Conidia lunate, allantoid to fusiform strong to slightly curved, tapered at the base, hyaline, 4–12 × 1–2 μm. Hyphopodia not observed (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Culture characteristics: After 7 d at 25 °C: On PDA reaching 85 mm diam, flat, aerial mycelium scarce, light isabelline in the centre, smoke grey to the periphery, submerged mycelium darker, margin rhizoid; reverse isabelline. On MEA reaching 75 mm diam, cottony, aerial mycelium abundant, pale greenish grey, margin rhizoid; reverse fuscous in the centre, white-amber to the periphery. On OA reaching 65 mm diam, flat, aerial mycelium scarce, colourless, submerged mycelium with grey olivaceous “zones”; reverse similar (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Specimen examined: South Africa, Limpopo province, Warmbaths (current name is Bela-Bela), isolated from Setaria italica, 1981, D.B. Scott (holotype, CBSH-22584; culture ex-type, CBS141394 = PRRI4754 = CPC26059) (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Hosts/substrates: From Setaria italica.

References:
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: South Africa, Limpopo.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Gaeumannomyces radicicola (CBS296.53). A. Conidiophores. B–D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars: A–E = 10 μm. Pictures from Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2016).

Gaeumannomyces radicicola (Cain) J. Luo & N. Zhang, in Luo, Walsh & Zhang, Mycologia 107(3): 644 (2015).
MycoBank: MB809635.
        ≡ Phialophora radicicola var. radicicola Cain, Canad. J. Bot. 30: 340. (1952).
= Harpophora radicicola (Cain) W. Gams, Stud. Mycol. 45: 192. (2000).
= Phialophora zeicola Deacon & D.B. Scott, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 81: 256. (1983).
        ≡ Harpophora zeicola (Deacon & D.B. Scott) W. Gams, Stud. Mycol. 45: 192. (2000).
= Gaeumannomyces graminis var. maydis J.M. Yao, Yong C. Wang & Y.G. Zhu, Acta Mycol. Sin. 11: 99. (1992).

Morphological description: Cain (1952), and Deacon and Scott (1983).

Specimen examined: Canada, Ontario, Chatham, isolated from Zea mays, root, 1950, R.F. Cain (isotype of Phialophora radicicola, CBSH-7592, CBSH-7593; culture ex-isotype of Phialophora radicicola, CBS296.53). South Africa, unknown locality, isolated from Zea mays, Feb. 1984 (isotype of Phialophora zeicola, CBSH-7597; culture ex-isotype of Phialophora zeicola, CBS149.85). (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Hosts/substrates: From Zea mays.

References:
Cain RF. 1952. Studies of fungi imperfecti I. Phialophora. Canadian Journal of Botany 30:338–343.
Deacon JW. 1974. Further studies on Phialophora radicicola and Gaeumannomyces graminis on roots and stem bases of grasses and cereals. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 63:307–327.
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: Canada, Ontario, Chatham. China, Liaoning. South Africa.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Gaeumannomyces oryzicola (CBS141390). A–B. Ascomata. C–D. Asci. E–F. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm, C–F = 10 µm.

Gaeumannomyces oryzicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 41 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816898.

Ascomata perithecial, superficial to immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, 200–500 × 150–485 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown neck, 80–165 × 60–90 µm. Paraphyses septate, hyaline, dissolving at maturity. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 125–155 × 12–16 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, curved, 0–5-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 95–135 × 4–6.5 µm. Asexual state phialophora-like. On CMA with sterile rice seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 2–5 μm diam. Conidiophores simple, unbranched, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal to intercalary, solitary, cylindrical, straight or curved, hyaline, 7.5–20.5 × 2–2.5 μm, with a cylindrical, refractive collarette, up to 3 μm long, 1.5–2 μm diam. Conidia lunate, allantoid to fusiform, slightly or strongly curved, hyaline, 5–9 × 1.5–2.5 μm (Asexual state description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-26063. Ex-holotype culture CBS141390 (CPC26063).

Gene sequences: KX306516 (ITS), KX306586 (28S), KX306646 (RPB1), KX306717 (TEF1).

Specimens examined: USA, Texas, on Oryza sativa, prior to 1992, J. Krausz, CBS141390 (CPC26063).

Hosts/substrates: On Oryza sativa (Poaceae).

References:
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: USA, Texas.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces hyphopodioides Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 40 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816897.

Morphological description: On PDA, mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, hyaline to red brown, 1–4 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores differentiated, branched often verticillate, brown, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal or intercalary, hyaline to pale brown, cylindrical to lageniform, straight or curved, 7–21 × 2–4 μm, with a cylindrical to funnel-shaped collarette, up to 2.5 μm long, 1–2.5 μm diam. Conidia lunate, slightly to strongly curved, fusiform, allantoid, hyaline, 5.5–10.5 × 1–2 μm. Hyphopodia lobed, dark brown, 17–28 × 18–25 μm (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Culture characteristics: After 7 d at 25 °C: On PDA reaching 85 mm diam, aerial mycelium abundant, cottony, white to grey, submerged mycelium hazel, olivaceous, dull green, margin effuse, rhizoid; reverse centre cinnamon, hazel, dark green, grey olivaceous, umber, dark olivaceous, colourless to the periphery. On MEA reaching 35–65 mm diam, aerial mycelium moderate, cottony, white to pale mouse grey, submerged mycelium grey to olivaceous grey, margin effuse; reverse dark (fuscous, olivaceous grey, dark brown). On OA reaching 20–55 mm diam, aerial mycelium scarce, white to grey, submerged mycelium grey, olivaceous black, margin effuse, rhizoid; reverse dark (olivaceous grey) or pale olivaceous, mouse grey, colourless to the periphery (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Specimens examined: Australia, New South Wales, isolated from Pennisetum clandestinum, 24 Oct. 1977, unknown collector, CPC26267. Germany, Monheim, isolated from Triticum aestivum, seedling, unknown date, isol. A. Walz, CBS541.86. Poland, Pulawy, isolated from wheat, 18 Oct. 1979, unknown collector, CPC26252. UK, Butt Furlong, Woburn, Beds, isolated from oats, 27 Apr. 1983, unknown collector, CPC26250; Essex, isolated from Zea mays, root, May 1972, J.W. Deacon G6 (holotype, CBS H-22582; culture ex-type, CBS350.77 = ATCC28234 = IMI187786); Hertfordshire, Fosters West, RRes, isolated from wheat, 11 Oct. 1985, unknown collector, CPC26247 = CBS141388; 29 Sep. 1989, unknown collector, CPC26248; CPC26249; West Barnfield, RRes, isolated from winter wheat, 9 Feb. 1990, unknown collector, CPC26264 = CBS141389; CPC26265 (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Hosts/substrates: From Avena sp., Pennisetum clandestinum, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays.

References:
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: Australia, New South Wales. Germany, Monheim. Poland, Pulawy. UK, Butt Furlong, Essex, Hertfordshire, West Barnfield.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Xenopyricularia zizaniicola (Hashioka) Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 116 (2014).
MycoBank: MB810224.
        ≡ Pyricularia zizaniicola Hashioka [as ‘zizaniaecola‘], Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 14(3): 264 (1973).

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On natural substrate, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth. Conidiophores solitary or gregarious, erect, curved, unbranched, subcylindrical, medium brown, 90–150(–220) × 4.5–5.2 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal to intercalary, light brown, with several protruding denticles. Conidia solitary, ovate, 2-septate, light brown, 24–33 × 10.5–15.5 µm, with a truncate basal hilum. Appressoria subglobose, 12.1–10.5 µm. Sexual state unknown (Description from Hashioka, 1973).

Typification: Neotype CBSH-21846. Ex-neotype culture CBS133593.

Gene sequences: KM484947 (ITS), KM485042 (28S), KM485230 (ACT), AB274479 (CAL), KM485161 (RPB1), AB274463 (TUB).

Genome sequences: SRX798640 (transcriptome).

Hosts/substrates: On Zizania latifolia (Poaceae).

Distribution: Japan.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Pyricularia zingibericola (CBS138605). A–B. Conidiophores. C–D. Conidia. Scale bars: A–D = 20 µm.

Pyricularia zingibericola Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 115 (2014).
MycoBank: MB810222.

On CMA with sterile rice seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 1.5–2 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or curved, branched to unbranched, 3–7-septate, medium brown, smooth, 105–185 × 4–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, light brown, smooth, 52–77 × 3–5 μm, with several protruding denticles, 1–1.5 × 1–2 µm. Conidia solitary, pyriform to obclavate, 2-septate, light brown, smooth, 18.5–26 × 8–10 μm, with a truncate hilum, 0.5–1.5 × 1–2 µm.

Colonies on 4.5 cm diam PDA after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent with greenish olivaceous parts, white center, umbonate, powdery in center; reverse greenish olivaceous. Colonies on MEA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent to white with leaden grey center, sulcate colony with entire edge, some irregular tufts; reverse pale with olivaceous grey center. Colonies on CMA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface grey olivaceous to olivaceous black with olivaceous grey center, entire edge, flat, slightly wool-like. Colonies on OA 4.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface white with some dark spots, greenish olivaceous in center, flat, smooth, cotton-like (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-21845. Ex-holotype culture CBS138605 (RN0001).

Gene sequences: KM484941 (ITS), KM485037 (28S), KM485229 (ACT), KM485297 (CAL), KM485157 (RPB1).

Specimens examined: Réunion, on Zingiber officinale, J.C. Girard, culture CBS138605.

Hosts/substrates: On Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae).

Distribution: France (Réunion).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Pyricularia pennisetigena (CBS138604). A–B. Conidiophores. C–D. Conidia. Scale bars: A–D = 20 µm.

Pyricularia pennisetigena Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 114 (2014).
MycoBank: MB810221.

On CMA with sterile rice seed, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 1.5–2.5 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or curved, unbranched, 2–3-septate, medium brown, smooth, 85–150 × 3.5–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, light brown, smooth, 30–88 × 3–5.5 μm, with several protruding denticles, 1–1.5 × 1–2 µm. Conidia solitary, pyriform to obclavate, 2-septate, light brown, smooth, 26–30.5 × 9–11 μm, with a truncate hilum, 0.5–1.5 × 1–2 µm.

Colonies on 5 cm diam PDA after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface fuscous black with grey center, broad white rim, flat, erose; reverse brown. Colonies on MEA 4.8 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface cottony to velvety, buff, smoke grey, with broad white rim; reverse iron grey with pale margin. Colonies on CMA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface buff with grey dots. Colonies on OA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface buff (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype CBSH21844. Ex-holotype culture CBS138604 (ML0036).

Gene sequences: KM484935 (ITS), KM485225 (ACT), KM485294 (CAL), KM485153 (RPB1).

Specimens examined: Mali, Cinzana, on Pennisetum, 19 Sep. 1990, J.L. Nottéghem, culture CBS138604.

Hosts/substrates: On Cenchrus ciliaris, C. echinatus, Echinochloa colona, and Pennisetum (Poaceae).

Distribution: Brazil, Japan, Mali, Philippines, USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Pyricularia penniseticola (CBS138603). A–B. Conidiophores. C–E. Conidia. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm.

Pyricularia penniseticola Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 114 (2014).
MycoBank: MB810220.

On CMA with sterile rice seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 1.5–2.5 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or curved, branched, 2–5-septate, medium brown, smooth, 120–330 × 4–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, light brown, smooth, 65–120 × 3–5.5 μm, with several protruding denticles, 1–1.5 × 1–2 µm. Conidia solitary, pyriform to obclavate, 2-septate, light brown, smooth, 25–33 × 9–10.5 μm, with a truncate hilum, 0.5–1.5 × 1–2 µm.

Colonies on 4.5 cm diam PDA after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface iron grey; reverse olivaceous black. Colonies on MEA 3 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface light olivaceous grey; reverse olivaceous black. Colonies on CMA 3 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark. Colonies on OA 3.6 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface sectoring (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype CBSH21843. Ex-holotype culture CBS138603 (ML0031).

Gene sequences: KM484929 (ITS), KM485220 (ACT), KM485148 (RPB1).

Specimens examined: Mali, Segou field 2, from Digitaria exilis, 14 Sep. 1990, J.L. Nottéghem, culture CBS138603.

Hosts/substrates: On Digitaria exilis and Pennisetum (Poaceae).

Distribution: Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Pyricularia ctenantheicola Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 111 (2014).
MycoBank: MB810219.

On CMA with sterile rice seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 1.5–2 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or curved, branched to unbranched, 1–6-septate, medium brown, smooth, 100–190 × 3–5.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, light brown, smooth, 35–96 × 3–5 μm, with several protruding denticles, 1–2 × 1–2 µm. Conidia solitary, pyriform to obclavate, 2-septate, light brown, smooth to finely roughened, 20–25 × 7–9 μm, with a truncate hilum, 0.5–1.5 × 1–2 µm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on 3.5 cm diam PDA after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface hazel, with smoke grey tufts; reverse hazel. Colonies on MEA 2.7 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface white to vinaceous buff, cottony, with undulating margin; reverse ochraceous to umber. Colonies on CMA 2.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface pale luteous, with hazel center. Colonies on OA 3.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype CBSH21842. Ex-holotype culture CBS138601 (GR0002).

Gene sequences: KM484878 (ITS), KM484994 (28S), KM485182 (ACT), KM485252 (CAL), KM485098 (RPB1).

Specimens examined: Greece, Almyros, on Ctenanthe oppenheimiana, 1998, A.C. Pappas and E.J. Paplomatas, culture CBS138601.

Hosts/substrates: On Ctenanthe oppenheimiana (Marantaceae).

Distribution: Greece.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.