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Gaeumannomycella

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Gaeumannomycella caricis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 27. 2016. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB816904.

On PDA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 1.5–6.5 μm diam. Conidiophores slightly differentiated, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, scarce, forming close to hyphopodia, mostly grouped, terminal sometimes intercalary, ampulliform, lageniform or conical, straight or curved, hyaline to pale brown, 6.5–12 × 3–4 μm, with an inconspicuous collarette, up to 1 μm long, 1 μm diam. Conidia lunate or cylindrical, hyaline, 6.5–9.5 × 1–2 μm. Hyphopodia lobed at maturity, hyaline to brown, 15–31 × 10–23 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 3.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface flat; aerial mycelium scarce to moderate, cottony, white, pale grey; submerged mycelium dark or white; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark. Colonies on MEA 3.6 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface elevated; aerial mycelium moderate to abundant dense, cottony, white; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark in center, colorless to periphery. Colonies on OA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; surface elevate; aerial mycelium moderate to abundant, cottony to funiculose; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse dark (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-225750. Ex-holotype culture CBS388.81.

Gene sequences: KX306478 (ITS), KX306548 (28S), KX306671 (RPB1), KX306675 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On Carex rostrata (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: UK (Wales, Powys).

Falciphora

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Falciphora oryzae (Z.L. Yuan, C.L. Zhang & F.C. Lin) J. Luo & N. Zhang, Mycologia 107(3): 644. 2015. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 810802.
    ≡ Harpophora oryzae Z.L. Yuan, C.L. Zhang & F.C. Lin, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 307(1): 96. 2010.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On PDA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 2–3.5 μm diam. Conidiophores unbranched or branched, bi- to terverticillate, 15–110 × 2.8–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal or intercalary, aggregated in clusters, light brown to brown, 5.5–14 × 2.5–3 μm, with a cylindrical collarette, 0.5–1.2 μm diam. Conidia aggregated in slimy heads, sickle-shaped, strongly curved, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 7.5–9 × 0.8–1.2 μm. Chlamydospores intercalary, occasionally in chains, obovoid to ellipsoid. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA or MEA 4.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface gray olivaceous to dark olivaceous; aerial mycelium dense, gray; submerged hyphae rope-like; reverse gray olivaceous (Description from Yuan et al., 2010).

Typification: Holotype R5-6-1. Ex-holotype culture R5-6-1.

Gene sequences: KJ026707 (18S), EU636699 (ITS), KJ026705 (28S), KJ026709 (MCM7), KJ026708 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: JNVV01000000 (genome).

Hosts/substrates: On roots of Oryza (Poaceae).

Distribution: China (Yunnan).

Notes: Yuan et al. (2010) reported Falciphora oryzae as a beneficial endophyte from wild rice, which may contribute towards growth promotion of rice (Oryza sativa). Xu et al. (2014) published its genome data and revealed the evolution from a pathogen to a mutualistic endophyte.

 

Clavatisporella

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Clavatisporella musicola K.D. Hyde, Mycotaxon 55: 276. 1995. (Type species).

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary or gregarious, globose to subglobose, light brown, up to 140 μm diam, 120 μm high, with a non-protruding ostiole. Paraphyses hyaline, septate, up to 10 μm wide. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, 93–140 × 12–15 μm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 2–3-seriate in ascus, irregularly fusiform to clavate, 1–2-septate, hyaline, appendiculate, 21–30 × 6–9 μm. Asexual state unknown (Description from Hyde, 1995).

Typification: Holotype BRIP22403.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Hosts/substrates: On dead leaves of Musa (Musaceae).

Distribution: Indonesia (Irian Jaya).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Clasterosporium

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Clasterosporium caricinum (Fr.) Schwein., Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 4(2): 300. 1832. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 197664.

Hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 3–6 μm diam. Conidiophores unbranched, straight to curved, 0–3(–7)-septate, hyaline to brown, 9–52(–130) × 4–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate or percurrent, cylindrical. Conidia solitary, cylindrical to obclavate, straight to slightly curved, 7–17-septate, hyaline to dark brown, smooth, 70–360 × 11–20 μm, with a truncate base. Hyphopodia lobed, light brown, 14–24 × 10–20 μm. Sexual state unknown (Description from Ellis et al., 1951).

Typification: Unknown.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Carex and Scirpus acutus (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: Canada, Poland, Russia, UK, USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 

Ceratosphaeria

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Ceratosphaeria aparaphysata Feltgen, Vorstud Pilzfl. Luxemb., Nachtr. III: 280. 1903.

Ceratosphaeria aquatica Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su, Fungal Diversity 99: 493. 2019.

Ceratosphaeria bicellula Panwar & S.J. Kaur, Kavaka 4: 77. 1977.

Ceratosphaeria caespitosa Lind & Vleugel, Svensk bot. Tidskr. 2(4): 365. 1908.

Ceratosphaeria cinerea (Quél.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 228. 1883.

Ceratosphaeria crossandrae K. Ramakr., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. B, 42: 251. 1955.

Ceratosphaeria emergens Rick, Brotéria, sér. bot. 2(4): 189. 1933.

Ceratosphaeria ervatamiicola A.K. Kar & Maity, Can. J. Bot. 48: 1300. 1970.

Ceratosphaeria fragilis Wilberf., Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 88(1): 132. 1987.

Ceratosphaeria fuscella (P. Karst.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 228. 1883.

Ceratosphaeria grandis Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 18: 143. 1902.

Ceratosphaeria immersa G. Winter, Hedw.: 55. 1881.

Ceratosphaeria lampadophora (Berk. & Broome) Niessl, Verh. nat. Ver. Brünn 14: 43. 1876. (Type species).

Ceratosphaeria lanuginosa Maire, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 46: 232. 1930.

Ceratosphaeria lignicola D.F. Bao, Z.L. Luo, H.Y. Su & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 99: 496. 2019.

Ceratosphaeria luculenta Lar.N. Vassiljeva, Nizshie Rasteniya, Griby i Mokhoobraznye Dalnego Vostoka Rossii, Griby. Tom 4. Pirenomitsety i Lokuloaskomitsety (Sankt-Peterburg): 27. 1998.

Ceratosphaeria macrorhyncha Gaja,: 20. 1911.

Ceratosphaeria microdoma Ellis & Everh., 1892.

Ceratosphaeria microspora Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc.: 131. 1892.

Ceratosphaeria moravica Petr., Annls mycol. 21(3/4): 249. 1923.

Ceratosphaeria mycophila G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.2: 258. 1885.

Ceratosphaeria obliquata Feltgen, Vorstud Pilzfl. Luxemb., Nachtr. II: 213. 1901.

Ceratosphaeria occultata Feltgen, Vorstud Pilzfl. Luxemb., Nachtr. III: 280.1903.

Ceratosphaeria ordinata (Fr.) Kirschst., Krypt.-Fl. Brandenburg (Leipzig) 7(2): 210. 1911.

Ceratosphaeria phialidica (Shearer) Huhndorf, Greif, Mugambi & A.N. Mill., Mycologia 100(6): 945. 2008.

Ceratosphaeria philippinarum Rehm, Philipp. J. Sci., C, Bot. 8(2): 186. 1913.

Ceratosphaeria phyllostachydis S. Zhang, Journal of Nanjing Technological College of Forest Products, no. 1: 157. 1982.

Ceratosphaeria pusilla (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 227. 1883.

Ceratosphaeria quadrinucleata Kirschst., Annls mycol. 37(1/2): 95. 1939.

Ceratosphaeria rhenana (Auersw.) Berl. & Voglino, in Saccardo, Syll. fung., Addit. I-IV (Abellini): 164. 1886.

Ceratosphaeria rostrata (J. Kickx f.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 227. 1883.

Ceratosphaeria sarawacensis (Ces.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 229. 1883.

Ceratosphaeria silva-nigra (Penz. & Sacc.) Teng, Sinensia, Shanghai 11: 105. 1940.

Ceratosphaeria spermogonioides Syd., Saccardo’s Syll. fung. IX: 673. 1891.

Ceratosphaeria subiculosa Sacc., Bulletino dell’orto Botanico della R. Universitá di Napoli 6: 46. 1921.

Bussabanomyces

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Bussabanomyces longisporus (Bussaban) Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 100. 2014. (Type species).

Hyphae branched, septate, light brown, verruculose, 3–5 μm diam. Conidiophores macronematous, sparsely branched, straight, septate, light brown near base, subhyaline at apex, up to 400 μm long, 3–4.6 μm diam. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, denticulate; each denticle cylindrical, thin-walled, mostly cut off by septum to form a separating cell. Conidia solitary, dry, obclavate, 4(–5)-septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 47–72 × 5.6–7.6 μm. Sexual state unknown (Description from Bussaban et al., 2003).

Colonies on PDA after 7 days at 25 °C in dark, olivaceous with central tufts. Colonies on MEA 2.3–2.4 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark, surface pale olivaceous-grey, irregularly raised with a hairy edge, velutinous aerial mycelium, white, mouse-grey in center, raised, cottony, round; reverse umber to chestnut. Colonies on CMA and OA 2.6–3.1 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; similar appearance to MEA (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype BCC11377. Ex-holotype culture CBS125232.

Gene sequences: KM009154 (28S), KM009166 (ITS), KM009202 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798619 (transcriptome).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Amomum siamense and Alpinia malaccensis (Zingiberaceae).

Distribution: Thailand (Chiang Mai).

Buergenerula

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Buergenerula biseptata (Rostr.) Syd., Annls mycol. 34(4/5): 392. 1936. (Type species).

Buergenerula caricis (R. Sprague) Arx, Revue Mycol., Paris 41(2): 265. 1977.

Buergenerula spartinae Kohlm. & R.V. Gessner, Can. J. Bot. 54(15): 1764. 1976.

Buergenerula zelandica McKenzie, Mycotaxon 42: 351. 1991.

Key to the genera of Pyriculariaceae

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1. Conidiophores dark brown; conidia ellipsoidal ……………..…………………..……….…….….. 2
1’. Conidiophores pale brown; conidia obclavate to pyriform …………………………..…….……. 4

2. On Musa or Canna ……..………………………………………………………….…… Neocordana
2’. On Poaceae……………………………………………………………………………………..……. 3

3. Conidiophores flexuous, long, dark brown; conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary;
conidia pale brown, 2-septate; on Sasa sp. and Phyllostchys bambusoides …… Bambusicularia
3’. Conidiophores solitary, simple, short; conidiogenous cells percurrently rejuvenating;
conidia 1-2-septate; on leaves of Phragmites ……….…………………………….…….. Utrechtiana

4. On Poaceae …………………………………..………………….……………..…………………….. 5
4’. On other monocots ………………..………………………………………………..……..….…….. 6

5. Conidiophores cylindrical, unbranched; conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, with
flat denticles with a central pore …………………………………………. Pyricularia (Type genus)
5’. Conidiophores flexuous, branched, conidia obovoid; on Zizania latifolia ……. Xenopyricularia

6. Conidiogenous cells integates terminal, on Asarum ……………………………Pyriculariomyces
6’. not as above……………………………………………………………………………………………. 7

7. Conidiogenous cells terminal forming a rachis with densely protruding denticles ………..…… 8
7’. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary with sparsely protruding denticles …………….. 10

8. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical denticles; conidia hyaline to pale brown with darker colored
median cell; conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary; on leaves of Calathea longifolia ………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. Barretomyces
8’. Conidiogenous cells terminal with flat denticles ……………………….…………….………..….. 9

9. Conidia narrowly obclavate, 1-septate; on leaves and stems of Juncus effuses ………..………
…………………………………………………………………………………..…..……… Macgarvieomyces
9’. Conidiophores short; conidia 2-septate; on Cyperus rotundus, Typha orientalis, and Kyllinga
brevifolia ……………………………………………………………………..…….….. Pseudopyricularia

10. Conidiophores olivacous; on leaves of Commelina communis ………….…….. Neopyricularia
10’. Conidiophores olivacous to medium brown; on Zingiber mioga ………….…. Proxipyricularia

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022.  The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Key to the genera of Ophioceraceae

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1. In aquatic habits generally ……………………………….……….…………….……………….. 2
1’. In terrestrial habits generally; ascospore fusiform ………………………………………….… 3

2. Ascomata dark brown to black, with a single ascus discharged through the ascomatal neck
……………………………………………………………………………………….. Ophioceras (Type genus)
2’. Ascomata yellow to brown, membranous, with ascospores amassing at the ascomatal neck
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. Pseudohalonectria

3. Ascomata immersed, solitary or in small groups ………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
3’. Ascomata superficial, gregarious in large clusters with a basal stroma, dark brown ……….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Ceratosphaerella

4. Ascomata yellow brown; ascospores fusiform; on wood ………………..… Ceratosphaeria
4’. Ascomata dark brown; ascospores filiform; on dead leaves of Magnolia …..………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Tropohalonectria

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.