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Figure. Ophioceras parasiticum (NYBG1050480). A–B. Ascomata. C–F. Asci and ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C–F = 10 µm.

Ophioceras parasiticum Teng, Sinensia, Shanghai 4(12): 370 (1934).
MycoBank: MB247351.

Ascomata perithecial, superficial, gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 350–650 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, 300–450 × 90–135 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 70–100 × 8–10 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 3–4-seriate in ascus, fusiform, not or slightly curved, 3–6-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 42–55 × 2–3.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Paratype BPI626956.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: China, Yunnan, Yen-Tsin, on Hypoxylon, 5 Mar. 1934, Y. Tsiang, 853 (BPI626956).

Hosts/substrates: On Hypoxylon (Xylariaceae).

Distribution: China (Yunnan).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras ohiense (NYBG01050480). A–B. Ascomata. C–E. Asci. F–G. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–G = 10 µm.

Ophioceras ohiense Ellis & Everh., N. Amer. Pyren. (Newfield): 198 (1892).
MycoBank: MB247860.

Ascomata perithecial, submerged, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 560–800 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, 600–900 × 130–175 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, 120–170 × 11–15 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 2–3-seriate in ascus, fusiform, not or slightly curved, 6–8-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 52–65 × 4.5–6.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Isotype NY1050480.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: USA, Ohio, Hamilton, Preston, on rotten hickory wood, 1887, A.P. Morgan, 528 (NY1050480), 610 (NY1050480).

Hosts/substrates: On rotten wood.

Distribution: USA (Ohio).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras dolichostomum (CBS114926). A–B. Ascomata. C–E. Asci. F. Paraphysis. G–H. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–H = 10 µm.

Ophioceras dolichostomum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 358 (1883).
MycoBank: MB146613.
        ≡ Sphaeria dolichostoma Berk. & M.A. Curtis, in Berkeley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 10(no. 46): 388 (1868).

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, 400–600 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black neck, 1000–1600 × 80–120 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 90–130 × 8–12 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, 5–7-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 80–115 × 2–3.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype K(M) Wright 541, K(M) Wright 580. Isotype NY No.856, Fungi Cubenses Wrightiani, C. Wright.

Gene sequences: JX134663 (18S), JX134677 (ITS), JX134689 (28S), JX134717 (MCM7), JX134731 (RPB1), JX134703 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798611 (genome).

Specimen examined: China, Hong Kong, New Territories, Bride’s Pool, from a submerged wood, 18 Mar. 1999, K.D. Hyde, HKUCC3936 (culture CBS114926).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged palms (Archontophoenix, Arecaceae) and wood.

Distribution: Australia, China (Hong Kong), Costa Rica, Cuba, Japan, Seychelles, USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras commune (ILLS57430). A–B. Ascomata. C–D. Asci. E–F. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–F = 10 µm.

Ophioceras commune Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 146 (1999).
MycoBank: MB450197.

Ascomata perithecial, submerged to superficial, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 250–400 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black, hairy neck, 500–1500 × 30–100 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 70–120 × 5–12 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, 3–7-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 75–110 × 1.5–2.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype ILLS57431. Isotype ILLS57430. Paratype ILLS57429.

Gene sequences: JX134661 (18S), JX134675 (ITS), JX134687 (28S), JX134715 (MCM7), JX134729 (RPB1), JX134701 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798630 (transcriptome).

Specimens examined: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Allee Creek, from a submerged twig, 15 Apr 1983, C.K. Augspurger, CS-408-2 (ILLS57431, ILLS57430). USA, Indiana, Owen, McCormicks Creek, on submerged herbaceous debris, 27 Aug 1988, C.A. Shearer, CS-835-1 (ILLS57429).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged twigs and herbaceous debris.

Distribution: China, Costa Rica (Barro Colorado Island), Panama, USA (Indiana), Venezuela.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras arcuatisporum (ILLS57383). A–B. Ascomata. C–E. Asci. F–G. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–G = 20 µm.

Ophioceras arcuatisporum Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 146 (1999).
MycoBank: MB450115.

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 250–350 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black, hairy neck, 500–800 × 100–175 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 250–300 × 13–25 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, hyaline to light brown, 5–12-septate, not constricted at septum, smooth, 150–225 × 4–7.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype ILLS57383. Paratypes ILLS57371, ILLS57370.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: USA, Minnesota, Clearwater County, Elk Lake, Lake Itasca, Lake Itasca State Park, on Typha, 22 Oct 1993, J.L. Crane and C.A. Shearer, A-167-1 (ILLS57383); ibid., St. Louis County, Shagawa Lake, on submerged herbaceous debris,23 Oct 1993, J.L. Crane and C.A. Shearer, A-167-2 (ILLS57371). Canada, Manitoba, Lake Rosabella, Akudlik Marsh Churchill, on submerged grasses, 25 Jul. 1992, J.L. Crane and C.A. Shearer, A-9-1 (ILLS57370).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged herbaceous debris.

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba), USA (Minnesota).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Nakataea serpens (NYBG985747). A–C. Conidiophores. D–G. Conidia. Scale bars: A–G = 20 µm.

Nakataea serpens Shearer & J.L. Crane, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 73(2): 370 (1979)
MycoBank: MB318483.

Hyphae branched, septate, light brown to brown, smooth, 1–3 µm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or curved, unbranched, 4–9-septate, brown, smooth, 100–250 × 3.5–6.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, pale brown, 20–120 × 4–6 µm, with several protruding denticles, 1–2 × 1.5–2 µm. Conidia solitary, curved, smooth, 4-septate, not or slightly constricted at septum; main cells falcate, brown, 55–135 × 7–9 µm; apical cell sigmoid, hyaline to pale yellow, 80–140 × 1.5–3 µm. Sexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype ILLS38410. Isotypes ILLS42909, NY985747.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: USA, Illinois, Mason County, Quiver Creek, from plant debris, 11 Aug. 1978, C.A. Shearer, CS-612-1 (ILLS38410, ILLS42909, NY985747).

Hosts/substrates: On plant debris.

Distribution: USA (Illinois).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Magnaporthiopsis incrustans (AF14SW17). A–D. Conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars: A–D = 10µm.

Magnaporthiopsis incrustans (Landsch. & N. Jacks.) J. Luo & N. Zhang, Mycologia 105(4): 1024 (2013).
MycoBank: MB802974.
        ≡ Gaeumannomyces incrustans Landsch. & N. Jacks., Mycol. Res. 93(1): 55 (1989).

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, black, 179–420 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, 252–672 × 84–147 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline, dissolving at maturity. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, 65–107 × 6–11 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 3–4-seriate, fusiform, slightly curved, 3–5-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline, smooth, 33–53 × 2–4 µm (Sexual state description from Landschoot and Jackson, 1989a). Asexual state phialophora-like. On CMA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 2–5 µm diam. Conidiophores micronematous, solitary, erect, straight or curved, unbranched or sparsely branched, hyaline, smooth, 1–3-septate, 8–35 × 2–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, erect, terminal or intercalary, hyaline, smooth, 8–17.5 × 3–6 µm. Conidia aggregated in slimy heads, ovoid to ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 5–11 × 2–5 µm.

Colonies on PDA 6.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface floccose, parrot green; aerial mycelium yellowish; reverse cedar green. Colonies on CMA reaching 6 cm after 7 days in dark at 25 °C; surface pale yellow-green; aerial mycelium sparse; reverse pale yellow-green.

Typification: Holotype DAR59042. Ex-holotype cultures ATCC64418, ATCC64416.

Gene sequences: JF414867 (18S), JF414843 (ITS), JF414892 (28S), JF710386 (MCM7), JF710437 (RPB1), JF710412 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX795321 (genome), SRX798625 (transcriptome).

Specimens examined: USA, New Jersey, Adelphia Farm, on roots of Panicum virgatum, 8 Aug. 2014, J. Luo, RUTPPAF14SW17; ibid., New Brunswick, on roots of Festuca brevipila, 19 Jul. 2018, H. Chen and J. Murphy, RUTPPF2BHF1, RUTPPBHF9; Indiana, West Lafayette, on roots of Festuca, 15 Aug. 2014, T. Creswell, RUTPP1801540-11.

Hosts/substrates: From roots of Cynodon, Festuca, Poa annua, P. pratensis, and Zoysia (Poaceae).

Distribution: USA (Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Gaeumannomyces mirabilis (BPI880716). A. Ascomata. B–C. Asci. D–E. Ascospores. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–E = 10 µm.

Gaeumannomyces mirabilis (I. Hino & Katum.) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, Nizshie Rasteniya, Griby i Mokhoobraznye Dalnego Vostoka Rossii 4: 147. 1998.
MycoBank: MB 450454.
≡ Diaboliumbilicus mirabilis I. Hino & Katum. [as ‘mirabile’], Bullettin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University 6: 40. 1955.

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, 550–1000 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black neck, 175–290 × 160–275 µm. Paraphyses septate, hyaline, dissolving at maturity. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 100–125 × 19–24.5 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, not or slightly curved, 3–7-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 90–115 × 5.5–7.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Japan, on dead stems of Sasa veitchii (Poaceae).

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: Unknown, on dead stems of Bambusoideae, 5 Jan. 2009, I. Carden, BPI880716.

Hosts/substrates: On dead stems of Bambusoideae, such as Sasa veitchii (Poaceae).

Distribution: Japan.

References:
Hino I, Katumoto K. 1955. Illustrationes fungorum bambusicolorum. III. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture Yamaguchi University. 6:29–68.
Vasilyeva LN. 1998. Nizshie Rasteniya, Griby i Mokhoobraznye Dalnego Vostoka Rossii. 4:1–419.

Geographical distribution: Japan.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Kohlmeyeriopsis medullaris (NYBG1315597). A. Ascomatum. B–E. Asci. F–H. Ascospores. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B = 40 µm; C–H = 20 µm.

Kohlmeyeriopsis medullaris (Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.) Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 101 (2014).
MycoBank: MB810198.
        ≡ Gaeumannomyces medullaris Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Mycologia 87(4): 540 (1995).
= Trichocladium medullare (asexual state) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycotaxon 53: 349 (1995).

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, 550–750 µm diam, with a dark brown to black, cylindrical neck, 150–250 × 120–150 µm. Paraphyses hyaline, septate. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, 130–175 × 7–9 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform, curved, 3–7-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 95–165 × 2.5–4 µm. Asexual state trichocladium-like. Hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth. Conidiophores short, branched. Conidia two-celled, smooth; apical cell ellipsoidal, aseptate, dark brown, 13.5–20.5 × 7–10 µm; basal cell cylindrical or obconical, 0(–1) septate, light brown, 3.5–6 × 3–5 µm (Asexual state description from Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, 1995).

Typification: Holotype IMSJK5528. Isotype NY1315597. Paratype, NY1315595. Ex-holotype culture CBS117849.

Specimens examined: USA, North Carolina, Carteret County, Broad Creek, on dead standing culms of Juncus roemerianus, 16 Mar. 1994, J. Kohlmeyer, 5528 (NY1315597, CBS117849); ibid., 28 Nov. 1993, J. Kohlmeyer, 5522 (NY1315595).

Gene sequences: KM484852 (ITS), KM484968 (28S), KM485068 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On dead culms of Juncus roemerianus (Juncaceae).

Distribution: USA (North Carolina).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras leptosporum (ILLS242). A. Ascomata. B–C. Asci. D–E. Ascospores. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–E = 10 µm.

Ophioceras leptosporum (S.H. Iqbal) J. Walker, Mycotaxon 11(1): 62 (1980).
MycoBank: MB113924.
        ≡ Gaeumannomyces leptosporus S.H. Iqbal, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 58(2): 346 (1972).

Ascomata perithecial, superficial to submerged, solitary to gregarious, globose, dark brown to black, 200–350 µm diam, with a filiform to cylindrical, dark brown to black neck, 800–2200 × 35–70 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, 75–95 × 5–7 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform, 3–7-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 55–80 × 1.5–2 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Isotype ILLS242. Ex-isotype culture CBS894.70.

Gene sequences: JX134664 (18S), JX134678 (ITS), NG057959 (28S), JX134718 (MCM7), JX134732 (RPB1), JX134704 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798632 (transcriptome).

Specimens examined: UK, England, Exeter, River Creek near Cowley Bridge., on dead submerged stems of Apiaceae, 6 Feb. 1970, S.H. Iqbal, 57368 (ILLS242, culture CBS894.70). USA, Illinois, Union, Pine Hills Swamp Nature Preserve, on submerged, decayed stems, 5 May. 1977, J.L. Crane and J.D. Schoknecht 37175 (ILLS163261).

Hosts/substrates: On rotten, submerged stems and leaves.

Distribution: China, Malaysia, UK (England), USA (Illinois).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.