Uncategorized

Figure. Pseudohalonectria falcata (NYBG01050484). A–B. Ascomata. C–D. Asci. E–F. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–F = 10 µm.

Pseudohalonectria falcata Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1945 (1989).
MycoBank: MB136211.

Morphological description: Ascomata perithecial, submerged, gregarious, brown to orange brown, globose to subglobose, 280–550 µm in diam, with an orange brown to yellow brown, cylindrical, neck, 85–225 × 80–125 µm. Paraphyses hyaline, septate. Asci unitunicate, clavate, 8-spored, 160–200 × 20–27 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in the ascus, curved, hyaline to yellowish, falcate, 6–10-septate, not constricted at the septum, smooth, 100–170 × 5–7.5 µm.

Specimens examined: USA, Illinois, Cass County, Beardstown, from submerged twig, 07 Nov. 1987, C.A. Shearer, CS-617-2 (holotype, NYBG01050484, NYBG03380668, NYBG01050483); ibid., Mason County, Quiver Creek, 07 Nov. 1987, C.A. Shearer, CS-617-1 (NYBG03380667).

Hosts/substrates: form submerged Phragmites sp. and other woody debris.

References:
Shearer CA. 1989. Pseudohalonectria (Lasiosphaeriaceae), an antagonistic genus from wood in freshwater. Canadian Journal of Botany. 67(7):1944–1955.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Pseudohalonectria adversaria (NYBG01050482). A–B. Ascomata. C–E. Asci. F–I. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–I = 10 µm.

Pseudohalonectria adversaria Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1945 (1989).
MycoBank: MB136210.

Morphological description: Ascomata perithecial, superficial to submerged, solitary to gregarious, brown to orange brown, globose to subglobose, 450–650 µm in diam, with an orange brown, cylindrical, neck, 85–250 × 100–150 µm. Paraphyses hyaline, septate. Asci unitunicate, clavate, 8-spored, 110–145 × 13–18 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 3–4-seriate in the ascus, not or slightly curved, hyaline, yellowish to orange, ellipsoid, 5–6-septate, not constricted at the septum, smooth, 35–47 × 4.5–7 µm.

Specimens examined: USA, Illinois, Johnson County, Deer Pond, Elvira Cypress Swamp, from submerged woody debris, 08 Aug. 1977, C.A. Shearer, CS-603-1 (holotype, NYBG01050482, NYBG03380666; isotype, NYBG01050481; ex-type culture, ATCC56670).

Hosts/substrates: from submerged Machilus sp. and other woody debris.

References:
Shearer CA. 1989. Pseudohalonectria (Lasiosphaeriaceae), an antagonistic genus from wood in freshwater. Canadian Journal of Botany. 67(7):1944–1955.

Geographical distribution: China, Hong Kong. USA, Illinois.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras venezuelense (ILLS00000553). A–B. Ascomata. C–D. Asci. E–F. Ascospores. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm; C–F = 10 µm.

Ophioceras venezuelense Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 151 (1999).
MycoBank: MB450701.

Ascomata perithecial, superficial to submerged, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 750–900 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, 300–800 × 90–135 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, 135–170 × 10–14.5 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform, slightly curved, 4–6-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 130–150 × 2–4 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype ILLS553. Paratypes ILLS550, ILLS551, ILLS552.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: Venezuela, Portuguesa, Guanare, on submerged decorticated wood, 16 Jan. 1993, J.L. Crane, J.D. Schoknecht and D.C. Taphorn, A-109-1, 57437 (ILLS553); ibid., on submerged wood, 26 Jan. 1993, J.L. Crane, J.D. Schoknecht and D.C. Taphorn, A-109-4, 57435 (ILLS551); ibid., on submerged herbaceous debris, 16 Jan. 1993, J.L. Crane, J.D. Schoknecht and D.C. Taphorn, A-109-5, 57434 (ILLS550); ibid., Estado Tachira, on submerged wood, 26 Jan. 1993, J.L. Crane, J.D. Schoknecht and D.C. Taphorn, A-109-3, 57436 (ILLS552).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged wood and herbaceous debris.

Distribution: Venezuela (Portuguesa).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras tenuisporum (ILLS00000549). A–B. Ascomata. C–D. Asci. E–F. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C–F = 10 µm.

Ophioceras tenuisporum Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 149 (1999).
MycoBank: MB450668.

Ascomata perithecial, superficial to submerged, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 450–700 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, 5000–20000 × 70–130 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, 85–110 × 3.5–5.5 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, 3-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellow, smooth, 70–95 × 1–2 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype ILLS549. Ex-holotype culture ATCC56671.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Allee Creek, from a submerged twig, Mar. 1981, C.K. Augspurger, CS-652-1 (57433, ILLS549, culture ATCC56671).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged wood.

Distribution: Panama (Barro Colorado Island).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Pseudohalonectria lutea (NYBG01050480). A. Ascomatum. B–C. Asci. D–G. Ascospores. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–G = 10 µm.

Pseudohalonectria lutea Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1950 (1989).
MycoBank: MB136213.

Morphological description: Ascomata perithecial, submerged, gregarious, orange brown, globose to subglobose, 230–530 µm in diam, with an orange brown to yellow brown, cylindrical, neck, 350–600 × 95–170 µm. Paraphyses hyaline, septate. Asci unitunicate, clavate, 8-spored, 120–175 × 14–17.5 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 3–4-seriate in the ascus, curved, hyaline to yellowish, fusiform, 5-septate, not constricted at the septum, smooth, 60–85 × 5.5–8 µm.

Specimens examined: Chile, small stream at Esteros Llanquehue, Region X., from submerged wood, 26 Jun. 1984, C.A. Shearer, CS-744-1A (holotype, NYBG01050490, NYBG01050491; ex-type culture, ATCC66339); USA, Wisconsin, Vilas, Allequash Lake, on submerged decomposed twigs of Quercus sp., 09 Aug.1994, J.L. Crane and P.M. Fallah, P4-3, 54022 (ILLS00160415); ibid., 25 Oct. 1996, J.L. Crane and P.M. Fallah, P4-29, 54023 (ILLS00160414).

Hosts/substrates: from submerged Quercus sp. and other wood.

References:
Shearer CA. 1989. Pseudohalonectria (Lasiosphaeriaceae), an antagonistic genus from wood in freshwater. Canadian Journal of Botany. 67(7):1944–1955.

Geographical distribution: Chile. USA, Wisconsin.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras parasiticum (NYBG1050480). A–B. Ascomata. C–F. Asci and ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C–F = 10 µm.

Ophioceras parasiticum Teng, Sinensia, Shanghai 4(12): 370 (1934).
MycoBank: MB247351.

Ascomata perithecial, superficial, gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 350–650 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, 300–450 × 90–135 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 70–100 × 8–10 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 3–4-seriate in ascus, fusiform, not or slightly curved, 3–6-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 42–55 × 2–3.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Paratype BPI626956.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: China, Yunnan, Yen-Tsin, on Hypoxylon, 5 Mar. 1934, Y. Tsiang, 853 (BPI626956).

Hosts/substrates: On Hypoxylon (Xylariaceae).

Distribution: China (Yunnan).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras ohiense (NYBG01050480). A–B. Ascomata. C–E. Asci. F–G. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–G = 10 µm.

Ophioceras ohiense Ellis & Everh., N. Amer. Pyren. (Newfield): 198 (1892).
MycoBank: MB247860.

Ascomata perithecial, submerged, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 560–800 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, 600–900 × 130–175 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, 120–170 × 11–15 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores 2–3-seriate in ascus, fusiform, not or slightly curved, 6–8-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 52–65 × 4.5–6.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Isotype NY1050480.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: USA, Ohio, Hamilton, Preston, on rotten hickory wood, 1887, A.P. Morgan, 528 (NY1050480), 610 (NY1050480).

Hosts/substrates: On rotten wood.

Distribution: USA (Ohio).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras dolichostomum (CBS114926). A–B. Ascomata. C–E. Asci. F. Paraphysis. G–H. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–H = 10 µm.

Ophioceras dolichostomum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 358 (1883).
MycoBank: MB146613.
        ≡ Sphaeria dolichostoma Berk. & M.A. Curtis, in Berkeley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 10(no. 46): 388 (1868).

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, 400–600 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black neck, 1000–1600 × 80–120 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 90–130 × 8–12 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, 5–7-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, 80–115 × 2–3.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype K(M) Wright 541, K(M) Wright 580. Isotype NY No.856, Fungi Cubenses Wrightiani, C. Wright.

Gene sequences: JX134663 (18S), JX134677 (ITS), JX134689 (28S), JX134717 (MCM7), JX134731 (RPB1), JX134703 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798611 (genome).

Specimen examined: China, Hong Kong, New Territories, Bride’s Pool, from a submerged wood, 18 Mar. 1999, K.D. Hyde, HKUCC3936 (culture CBS114926).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged palms (Archontophoenix, Arecaceae) and wood.

Distribution: Australia, China (Hong Kong), Costa Rica, Cuba, Japan, Seychelles, USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras commune (ILLS57430). A–B. Ascomata. C–D. Asci. E–F. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–F = 10 µm.

Ophioceras commune Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 146 (1999).
MycoBank: MB450197.

Ascomata perithecial, submerged to superficial, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 250–400 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black, hairy neck, 500–1500 × 30–100 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 70–120 × 5–12 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, 3–7-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to light brown, smooth, 75–110 × 1.5–2.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype ILLS57431. Isotype ILLS57430. Paratype ILLS57429.

Gene sequences: JX134661 (18S), JX134675 (ITS), JX134687 (28S), JX134715 (MCM7), JX134729 (RPB1), JX134701 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798630 (transcriptome).

Specimens examined: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Allee Creek, from a submerged twig, 15 Apr 1983, C.K. Augspurger, CS-408-2 (ILLS57431, ILLS57430). USA, Indiana, Owen, McCormicks Creek, on submerged herbaceous debris, 27 Aug 1988, C.A. Shearer, CS-835-1 (ILLS57429).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged twigs and herbaceous debris.

Distribution: China, Costa Rica (Barro Colorado Island), Panama, USA (Indiana), Venezuela.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Figure. Ophioceras arcuatisporum (ILLS57383). A–B. Ascomata. C–E. Asci. F–G. Ascospores. Scale bars: A–B = 200 µm; C–G = 20 µm.

Ophioceras arcuatisporum Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 146 (1999).
MycoBank: MB450115.

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, black, 250–350 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black, hairy neck, 500–800 × 100–175 µm. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 250–300 × 13–25 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, hyaline to light brown, 5–12-septate, not constricted at septum, smooth, 150–225 × 4–7.5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Typification: Holotype ILLS57383. Paratypes ILLS57371, ILLS57370.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Specimens examined: USA, Minnesota, Clearwater County, Elk Lake, Lake Itasca, Lake Itasca State Park, on Typha, 22 Oct 1993, J.L. Crane and C.A. Shearer, A-167-1 (ILLS57383); ibid., St. Louis County, Shagawa Lake, on submerged herbaceous debris,23 Oct 1993, J.L. Crane and C.A. Shearer, A-167-2 (ILLS57371). Canada, Manitoba, Lake Rosabella, Akudlik Marsh Churchill, on submerged grasses, 25 Jul. 1992, J.L. Crane and C.A. Shearer, A-9-1 (ILLS57370).

Hosts/substrates: On submerged herbaceous debris.

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba), USA (Minnesota).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.