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Magnaporthiopsis rhizophila (D.B. Scott & Deacon) J. Luo & N. Zhang, Mycologia 105(4): 1025 (2013).
MycoBank: MB802975.
        ≡ Magnaporthe rhizophila D.B. Scott & Deacon, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 81(1): 77 (1983).

Ascomata perithecial, superficial solitary to gregarious, black, 400–500 µm diam, with a cylindrical, black neck, up to 600 µm long, 100–200 µm wide. Paraphyses unbranched, septate, hyaline, dissolving at maturity. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, 80–100 × 8–12 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores biseriate, fusiform, slightly curved, 3-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline, smooth, 24–28 × 6–8 µm. Asexual state phialophora-like. On PDA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, brown to olivaceous brown, smooth, 3–5 µm diam. Conidiophores micronematous, solitary, erect, straight or curved, unbranched or sparsely branched, hyaline, smooth. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, erect, terminal or intercalary, hyaline, smooth, 6–18 × 3–6 µm. Conidia aggregated in slimy heads, ovoid to ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 6–20 × 2–6 µm.

Colonies on PDA 8 cm diam after 10 days at 28 °C; surface thin, floccose, grey brown to olivaceous black; marginal hyphae curling back strongly towards center of colony (Description from Scott and Deacon, 1983).

Typification: Holotype PREM45952. Ex-holotype culture PREM45952.

Gene sequences: JF414858 (18S), JF414834 (ITS), JF414883 (28S), JF710384 (MCM7), JF710432 (RPB1), JF710408 (TEF1).

Genome sequences: SRX798599 (genome), SRX798627 (transcriptome).

Hosts/substrates: From roots of Cynodon dactylon, Panicum virgatum, Poa pratensis, and Triticum aestivum (Poaceae).

Distribution: Australia, South Africa, USA.

Notes: This species causes root disease of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), and Triticum aestivum (wheat). It was also isolated from Panicum virgatum (switchgrass).

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Magnaporthiopsis maydis (Samra, Sabet & Hing.) Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 101 (2014).
MycoBank: MB810225.
        ≡ Cephalosporium maydis Samra, Sabet & Hing., Phytopathology 53: 404 (1963).
        ≡ Harpophora maydis (Samra, Sabet & Hing.) W. Gams, Stud. Mycol. 45: 192 (2000).

Asexual state phialophora-like. On PDA, hyphae simple or branched, septate, hyaline, smooth. Conidiophores micronematous, solitary, erect, straight or curved, branched, hyaline, smooth, septate, 60–250 µm long. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, erect, terminal or intercalary, hyaline, smooth. Conidia aggregated in slimy heads, ovoid, ellipsoidal to oblong, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 3.6–14 × 3.3–3.6 µm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on MEA and PDA 9 cm diam after 9 days at 22–24 °C (Description from Samra et al., 1963).

Typification: From roots and stems of Zea mays and from soils, Egypt.

Gene sequences: KM009208 (18S), KM009160 (ITS), KM009148 (28S), KM009172 (MCM7), KM009184 (RPB1), KM009196 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: From roots and stems of Zea mays (Poaceae) and from soils.

Distribution: Egypt, Hungary, India, Israel, Portugal, Spain.

Notes: Samra et al. (1963) first described the fungus causing late wilt disease on maize in Egypt as Cephalosporium maydis. Based on ITS sequence and morphological characteristics, Gams (2000) transferred it to the asexual genus Harpophora in Magnaporthaceae. Klaubauf et al (2014) later reexamined the fungus and placed it in Magnaporthiopsis.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 35(1): 32 (1952).
MycoBank: MB297567.
≡ Rhaphidophora graminis Sacc., Fungi venet. nov. vel. Crit., Ser. 2: 307 (1875).
        ≡ Ophiobolus graminis (Sacc.) Sacc., Reliq. Libert 2: no. 134 (1881).
        ≡ Ophiochaeta graminis (Sacc.) Hara, Journal of Plant Protection, Tokyo 3: 342 (1916).
        ≡ Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 35: 32 (1952).
= Sphaeria cariceti Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 3 7: 455 (1861).
        ≡ Ophiobolus cariceti (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 349 (1883).
        ≡ Linocarpon cariceti (Berk. & Broome) Petr., Sydowia 6: 387 (1952).
        ≡ Gaeumannomyces cariceti (Berk. & Broome) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, Nizshie Rasteniya, Griby i Mokhoobraznye Dalnego Vostoka Rossii, Griby.                Tom 4. Pirenomitsety i Lokuloaskomitsety (Sankt-Peterburg) 4: 146 (1998).

Morphological description: On MEA, mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, hyaline to pale brown, 1–4 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores differentiated, branched often verticillate, hyaline, pale brown to brown. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, solitary or grouped, terminal, hyaline to pale brown, cylindrical to lageniform, straight or curved, 7–30 × 1.5–4 μm, with a cylindrical to conical, refractive, collarette up to 3.5 μm long, 1–1.7 μm wide. Conidia lunate, allantoid, hyaline, 4–10 × 1–2 μm. Hyphopodia not observed (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Culture characteristics: After 7 d at 25 °C: On PDA reaching 60 mm diam, aerial mycelium scarce to moderate, cottony, olivaceous grey, buff or isabelline, submerged mycelium darker, margin diffuse to rhizoid; reverse centre olivaceous grey, colourless to the periphery. On MEA reaching 62 mm diam, aerial mycelium abundant to moderate, cottony, pale olivaceous grey, darker to the periphery, submerged mycelium dark, margin effuse, rhizoid; reverse fuscous dark, rhizoid to the periphery. On OA reaching 62 mm diam, flat to cottony, greenish grey to grey olivaceous in the centre, white to colourless to the periphery, aerial mycelium moderate to abundant, white, submerged mycelium dark in the centre, margin effuse; reverse pale mouse grey (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Specimens examined: Italy, Selva, Treviso, on Cynodon or Agropyron, Oct. 1874, slides as DAR 21032. USA, Florida, isolated from Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis, 1987, M. Elliott, CPC26020 = CBS141384; 1991, M. Elliott, CPC26027; CPC26029; CPC26033 = CBS141385; CPC26035 = CBS141386; 1992, M. Elliott, CPC26039; CPC26042; CPC26045 (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Pathogenicity: from Cynodon sp. or Agropyron sp.

References:
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: Italy. USA, Florida.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces graminicola Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 38 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816896.

Morphological description: On MEA, mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, hyaline to brown, 1–4 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores more or less differentiated, verticillate. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline to pale brown, solitary or grouped, terminal, sometimes intercalary, cylindrical, lageniform, 5–20 × 2–4.5 μm, collarette up to 3 μm long, 1–2.5 μm diam. Conidia lunate, slightly or strongly curved, hyaline, 5–11.5 × 1–2 μm. Hyphopodia lobed, brown, 16.5–24 × 15.5–23.5 μm (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Culture characteristics: After 7 d at 25 °C: On PDA reaching 74 mm diam, flat, aerial mycelium scarce, cottony, white, submerged mycelium dark, in the centre hazel, grey, isabelline, olivaceous grey, buff to the periphery, margin effuse, rhizoid; reverse fuscous black, mouse grey or isabelline in the centre, no change to the periphery. On MEA reaching 76 mm diam, aerial mycelium moderate, cottony to funiculose, white, mouse grey to pale mouse grey, submerged mycelium dark (mouse grey), margin effuse, rhizoid; reverse centre fuscous, periphery amber white to white. On OA reaching 77 mm diam, flat, aerial mycelium scarce to moderate or abundant, cottony to funiculose, white, submerged mycelium dark, olivaceous grey, olivaceous black, dark mouse grey, margin effuse, rhizoid; reverse olivaceous, mouse grey, leaden grey, no change to the periphery (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Specimens examined: Netherlands, near Barendrecht, isolated from Ctenanthe, stem base, J.W. Veenbaas-Rijks (holotype, CBSH-22580; culture ex-type, CBS352.93). USA, Florida, isolated from Stenotaphrum secundatum, 1988, M. Elliott, CPC26022; 1990, M. Elliott, CPC26025 = CBS141381; 1991, M. Elliott, CPC26036 = CBS141382; Georgia, isolated from Eremochloa ophiuroides, 1994, H. Wilkinson, CPC26056 = CBS141383 (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Hosts/substrates: from Ctenanthe sp., Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass), and Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass).

References:
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: Netherlands. USA, Florida, Georgia.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces glycinicola Hern.-Restr., G. Canning & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 35 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816907.

Morphological description: On MEA, mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, straight or flexuous, hyaline to brown, 1.5–4 μm diam hyphae. Hyphopodia hyaline getting dark brown when mature, lobed, 22.5–43 × 15–34 μm diam. Conidiophores and conidia not observed (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Culture characteristics: After 7 d at 25 °C: On PDA reaching 90 mm diam, aerial mycelium scarce, white, submerged mycelium rhizoid, pale cinnamon, margin rhizoid; reverse pale cinnamon. On MEA reaching 70 mm diam, cottony, aerial mycelium abundant, dense, white, submerged umber, margin effuse; reverse interweave, umber. On OA reaching 90 mm diam, cottony, moderate and colourless (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Specimens examined: USA, Indiana, isolated from Glycine max, 1974, D. Huber (holotype, CBSH-22579; culture ex-type, CPC26057 = DAR 28746); isolated from Glycine max (pods of soybean), 1974, unknown collector, CPC26266 = CBS141380. (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Hosts/substrates: from Glycine max (soybean).

References:
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: USA, Indiana.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces fusiformis Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 35 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816895.

Morphological description: On MEA, mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, hyaline to brown, 1.5–5 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, simple or branched sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal or intercalary, hyaline, cylindrical, straight to curved, 5–28 × 1.5–5 μm, with a cylindrical, refractive collarette, up to 2.5 μm, 1–2 μm diam. Conidia fusiform, tapering at the base, hyaline, 5–9.5 × 1–2.5 μm. Hyphopodia not observed (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Culture characteristics: After 7 d at 25 °C: On PDA reaching 90 mm diam, aerial mycelium cottony, white, submerged mycelium rhizoid, hazel, margin rhizoid; reverse pale isabelline. On MEA reaching 60 mm diam, cottony, aerial mycelium moderate, white to grey, margin effuse; reverse umber in the centre, paler to the periphery. On OA reaching 90 mm diam, aerial mycelium scarce to moderate, cottony to funiculose, white, submerged mycelium olivaceous; reverse isabelline (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Specimen examined: USA, Arkansas, isolated from Oryza sativa, 1992, C. Rothrock G-8 (holotype, CBSH-22578; culture ex-type, CBS141379 = CPC26068) (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Hosts/substrates: from Oryza sativa (rice).

References:
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Elliott ML, Canning G, McMillan VE, Crous PW. 2016. Take-all or nothing. Studies in Mycology 83:19–48.

Geographical distribution: USA, Arkansas.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces floridanus Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 34 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816894.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On MEA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 1.7–5 μm diam. Conidiophores branched, hyaline to light brown. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal to intercalary, solitary or grouped, cylindrical to lageniform, straight or curved, hyaline to light brown, 7–14.5 × 2–3.5 μm, with an inconspicuous collarette, up to 2.5 μm long, 1–2 μm wide. Conidia lunate, allantoid or fusiform, slightly to strongly curved, hyaline, 5–11 × 1–1.5 μm. Hyphopodia lobed, hyaline to brown, 18–27 × 14.5–26.5 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 8.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; aerial mycelium scarce, white; submerged mycelium greyish sepia; margin diffuse; reverse greyish sepia. Colonies on MEA 7 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; aerial mycelium cottony, white; submerged mycelium mouse grey; margin diffuse; reverse fuscous; Colonies on OA 8.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C, aerial mycelium moderate, mouse grey; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse mouse grey, olivaceous grey, colourless to periphery (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-22577. Ex-holotype culture CBS141378 (CPC26037).

Gene sequences: KX306491 (ITS), KX306561 (28S), KX306626 (RPB1), KX306693 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On Stenotaphrum secundatum (Poaceae).

Distribution: USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces ellisiorum Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 33 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816893.

Ascomata perithecial, immersed, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, 300–400 µm diam, with a cylindrical, dark brown to black neck, 150–180 µm long, up to 80 µm diam. Paraphyses septate, hyaline, dissolving at maturity. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 140–180 × 10–14 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, not or slightly curved, 7–8-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline to yellowish, smooth, (80–)120–150 (–155) × 2–3 µm. Asexual state unknown. Hyphopodia lobed, brown, 18–27 × 15–20 μm. (Description from Walker, 1980).

Typification: Holotype C, P. Larsen, 5 Jul. 1937. Isotype DAR32062.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Carex paniculate (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: Austria, Denmark, UK.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces californicus Hern.-Restr. & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 83: 33 (2016).
MycoBank: MB816892.

Asexual state phialophora-like. On MEA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth, 1.5–4.5 μm diam. Conidiophores branched, verticillate. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal to intercalary, solitary or grouped, cylindrical to lageniform, straight or curved, hyaline to light brown, 4.5–24 × 1.5–4 μm, with a cylindrical to conical, refractive collarette, up to 2.5 μm long, 1–2 μm wide. Conidia lunate, allantoid or fusiform, hyaline, 4–11 × 1–1.5 μm. Hyphopodia lobed, hyaline to brown, 25–32.5 × 24–30 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 8.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C, flat; aerial mycelium scarce, cottony, white; submerged mycelium grey olivaceous; margin diffuse, uneven, reverse smoke grey. Colonies on MEA 8.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C; aerial mycelium cottony to funiculose, white; submerged mycelium dark; margin diffuse, uneven; reverse olivaceous. Colonies on OA 8.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C, aerial cottony to funiculose, white; submerged mycelium olivaceous black; margin diffuse; reverse olivaceous (Description from Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2016).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-22574. Ex-holotype culture CBS141377.

Gene sequences: KX306490 (ITS), KX306560 (28S), KX306625 (RPB1), KX306691 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On Stenotaphrum secundatum (Poaceae).

Distribution: USA.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Gaeumannomyces amomi Bussaban, Lumyong, P. Lumyong, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 73(3-4): 488 (2001).
MycoBank: MB374849.

Ascomata perithecial, superficial, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, olivaceous black, 500–650 × 300–400 µm, with a cylindrical neck. Paraphyses septate, hyaline, 87–140 × 2–3 µm. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 100–130 × 12.5–15 µm, with a refractive ring. Ascospores parallel in ascus, filiform to fusiform, slightly curved, 3–6-septate, not constricted at septum, hyaline, smooth, 70–100 × 4–5 µm. Asexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA and CMA 9 cm diam after 7 days at 22 °C; surface greenish olivaceous; aerial mycelium dense or sparse (Description from Bussaban et al., 2001).

Typification: Holotype CMUZE0002 (BCC4066).

Gene sequences: DQ341472 (18S), AY265318 (ITS), DQ341493 (28S), KX306679 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Amomum siamense and Alpinia malaccensis (Zingiberaceae).

Distribution: Thailand.

Notes: This is the only species of Gaeumannomyces associated with Zingiberaceae.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.