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Pyricularia

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Pyricularia angulata Hashioka, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 12(3-4): 127. 1971.

Pyricularia apiculata Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea (Osaka): 47. 1971.

Pyricularia buloloensis Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea (Osaka): 48. 1971.

Pyricularia caffra Matsush. [as ‘caffera’], Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 9: 23. 1996.

Pyricularia cannae Roldan [as ‘Piricularia’], Philipp. J. Sci., C, Bot. 66: 10. 1938.

Pyricularia cannicola Hashioka, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 12(3-4): 131. 1971.

Pyricularia caricis G. Arnaud ex Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush. lect. (Kobe): 120. 1975.

Pyricularia contorta Melnik, U. Braun & A.V. Alexandrova, Schlechtendalia 25: 73. 2013.

Pyricularia cortaderiae McKenzie, Mycosphere 1(3): 224. 2010.

Pyricularia costi (Sawada) S. Ito [as ‘Piricularia’], Bot. Mag., Tokyo 32: 308. 1918.

Pyricularia ctenantheicola Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 111. 2014.

Pyricularia curcumae Rathaiah, Pl. Dis. 64(1): 104. 1980.

Pyricularia didyma M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 125: 9. 1971.

Pyricularia distorta Hashioka, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 12(3-4): 133. 1971.

Pyricularia ebbelsii M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 131: 11. 1972.

Pyricularia fusispora (Matsush.) Zucconi, Onofri & Persiani, Micol. Ital. 13(2): 9. 1984.

Pyricularia grisea Sacc., Michelia 2(no. 6): 20. 1880. (Type species).

Pyricularia guarumaicola F.C. Albuq. & M.L. Duarte [as ‘Piricularia guarumeicolae’], Pesquisa agropec. bras., ser. Agron. 6: 179. 1971.

Pyricularia kookicola Bussaban, Mycologia 95(3): 520. 2003.

Pyricularia korlaensis J.H. Kong & T.Y. Zhang, Mycotaxon 132(3): 631. 2017.

Pyricularia lauri P.M. Kirk, Mycotaxon 18(2): 287. 1983.

Pyricularia leersiae (Sawada) S. Ito [as ‘Piricularia’], Bot. Mag., Tokyo 32: 307. 1918.

Pyricularia lourinae F.C. Albuq. & M.L. Duarte [as ‘Piricularia’], Pesquisa agropec. bras., ser. Agron. 6: 180. 1971.

Pyricularia oncosperma Yanna, W.H. Ho & K.D. Hyde, Cryptog. Mycol. 25(2): 132. 2004.

Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, Fung. Long. Exsicc. 1: no. 49. 1892.

Pyricularia panici-paludosi (Sawada) S. Ito [as ‘Piricularia’], Bot. Mag., Tokyo 32: 308. 1918.

Pyricularia penniseti Prasada & Goyal, Curr. Sci. 39(12): 287. 1970.

Pyricularia penniseticola Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 114. 2014.

Pyricularia pennisetigena Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 114. 2014.

Pyricularia peruamazonica Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 7: 63. 1993.

Pyricularia pyricularioides (Matsush.) de Hoog & Oorschot, Stud. Mycol. 26: 118. 1985.

Pyricularia rabaulensis Matsush., Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 14(3): 473. 1971.

Pyricularia sansevieriae Bat., J.L. Bezerra & Cavalc., Publicações Inst. Micol. Recife 343: 5. 1962.

Pyricularia scripta (Bonord.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 4: 218. 1886.

Pyricularia sphaerulata Zucconi & Onofri, Mycotaxon 27: 150. 1986.

Pyricularia submersa Ingold [as ‘Piricularia’], Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 27(1-2): 46. 1944.

Pyricularia subsigmoidea R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr., Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 35: 93. 1991.

Pyricularia urashimae Castroag., J.L.N. Maciel, Crous & Ceresini, Persoonia 37: 369. 2016.

Pyricularia vandalurensis Subram. & Vittal, Proc. Indian natn Sci. Acad., Part B. Biol. Sci. 80(5): 217. 1974.

Pyricularia variabilis Bussaban, Mycologia 95(3): 522. 2003.

Pyricularia zingibericola Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 115. 2014.

Pseudopyricularia

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Pseudopyricularia bothriochloae (Crous & Cheew.) Y. Marín & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 86: 190. 2017.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 1.5–2 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary, simple, branched, erect, straight, curved to geniculate, 5–8-septate, medium brown, smooth, 90–180 × 3–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, light brown, smooth, 8–30 × 3–4 μm, with several protruding denticles, 1–1.5 × 1–2 μm. Conidia solitary, obclavate, septate, medium brown, smooth to finely roughened, (18–)19–22(–23) × (6–)7–8(–9) μm, with a truncate hilum. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA, surface olivaceous black; reverse olivaceous black. Colonies on MEA, surface honey to isabelline; reverse honey to isabelline. Colonies on OA, surface with patches of olivaceous-grey, iron-grey and pale olivaceous-grey (Description from Crous et al., 2013).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-21436. Ex-holotype culture CBS136427 (CPC21650, CPC21651).

Gene sequences: KF777186 (ITS), KF777238 (28S).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Bothriochloa bladhii (Poaceae).

Distribution: Thailand.

Pseudopyricularia cyperi Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 110. 2014.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA with sterile barley seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 1–2 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary to fasciculate, simple, branched, erect, subcylindrical, straight, curved to geniculate, 1–5-septate, medium brown, smooth, 40–100 × 3–4 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, light brown, finely roughened, 35–70 × 3–4 μm, with several protruding denticles, 2–3 × 1.5–2 μm. Conidia solitary, obclavate, 2-septate, medium brown, smooth to finely roughened, (22–)25–28(–35) × (4–)5(–6) μm, with a truncate hilum, 1.5–2 μm diam. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 2.2 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface white, round, diffuse edge, cottony; reverse buff. Colonies on MEA 1.8 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface buff, round, raised, cottony; reverse ochraceous. Colonies on CMA and OA after 7 days at 25 °C in dark transparent, round to undulate, with smooth surface (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-21840. Ex-holotype culture CBS133595.

Gene sequences: KM484872 (ITS), KM484990 (28S), AB274453 (ACT), AB274485 (CAL), AB818013 (RPB1), AB274469 (TUB).

Hosts/substrates: On Cyperus iria and C. rotundus (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: Iran, Israel, Japan, Philippines.

Pseudopyricularia hagahagae Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 35: 279. 2015.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On OA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 2.5–3.5 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, branched to unbranched, straight to curved, 1–10-septate, medium brown, smooth, 40–200 × 5–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, medium brown, smooth, 30–50 × 5–7 μm, with several protruding denticles, 1–4 × 1–2 μm. Conidia solitary, obclavate, 2-septate, medium brown, smooth, (38–)41–45(–49) × (7–)8(–9) μm, with a truncate hilum, 1.5–2 μm diam. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA after 14 days at 25 °C, surface greyish sepia; reverse greyish sepia. Colonies on MEA 2.5 cm diam after 14 days at 25 °C; surface flat, dirty white with patches of greyish sepia; aerial mycelium sparse; margin feathery; reverse dirty white with patches of mouse grey. Colonies on OA 4 cm diam after 14 days at 25 °C; surface flat, greyish sepia; aerial mycelium sparse; margin feathery (Description from Crous et al., 2015b).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-22400. Ex-holotype culture CPC25635.

Gene sequences: KT950851 (ITS), KT950865 (28S), KT950873 (ACT), KT950877 (RPB1), KT950880 (TEF).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Cyperaceae.

Distribution: South Africa.

Pseudopyricularia higginsii (Luttr.) Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 110. 2014.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On natural substrate, conidiophores solitary to fasciculate, simple, branched to unbranched, erect, subcylindrical, straight to curved, 0–3-septate, hyaline to light brown, smooth to finely roughened, 30.4–76 × 4.6–6.8 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, hyaline to light brown, smooth to finely roughened, with several protruding denticles. Conidia solitary, obclavate, (1–)2-septate, hyaline, smooth to finely roughened, 17.5–36.5 × 5.3–6.5 μm, with a truncate hilum. Sexual state unknown (Description from Luttrell, 1954).

Typification: Holotype BPI420204.

Gene sequences: KM009212 (18S), KM484875 (ITS), KM484991 (28S), KM485180 (ACT), KM485250 (CAL), KM009176 (MCM7), KM485095 (RPB1), KM009200 (TEF1).

Hosts/substrates: On Cyperus (Cyperaceae) and Typha orientalis (Typhaceae).

Distribution: Worldwide in tropics and subtropics.

Pseudopyricularia hyrcaniana Pordel & Jav.-Nikkh., Mycol. Progr. 16(7): 731. 2017.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth. Conidiophores solitary, erect, unbranched to branched , subcylindrical, straight, curved to geniculate, 1–2(–4)-septate, medium brown, smooth, 65–125(−140) × 4–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, light brown, smooth, with several protruding denticles, 3–4 μm long. Conidia solitary, obclavate, 1-septate, hyaline, smooth, (17–)20–29(−31) × (5–)6–8 μm, with a truncate hilum. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 23–25 °C; surface gray olivaceous; reverse olivaceous gray. Colonies on OA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 23–25 °C; surface transparent, olivaceous buff (Description from Pordel et al., 2017).

Typification: Holotype UTFC-PO10. Ex-holotype culture IRAN2758C.

Gene sequences: KP144447 (ITS), KP144452 (28S), KY457260 (CAL), KY457270 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Cyperus alternifolius (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: Iran.

Pseudopyricularia iraniana Pordel & Jav.-Nikkh., Mycol. Progr. 16(7): 732. 2017.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth. Conidiophores solitary, erect, unbranched to branched, subcylindrical, straight, curved to geniculate, 0(–3)-septate, light brown to brown, smooth, 87–140(–170) × 5–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, light brown, smooth, with several protruding denticles, 3–4 μm long. Conidia solitary, fusiform to cylindrical, 2-septate, hyaline, smooth, (20–)22–30 × 5–8 μm, with a truncate hilum. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 23–25 °C; surface gray olivaceous; reverse grayish sepia. Colonies on OA 4 cm diam after 7 days at 23–25 °C; surface transparent, pale gray (Description from Pordel et al., 2017).

Typification: Holotype UTFC-PO14. Ex-holotype culture IRAN2761C.

Gene sequences: KY457258 (ITS), KY457268 (28S), KY457264 (CAL), KY457273 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Juncus (Juncaceae).

Distribution: Iran.

Pseudopyricularia kyllingae Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 110. 2014. (Type species).

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA with sterile barley seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 1.5–2 μm diam. Conidiophores solitary to fasciculate, simple, branched to unbranched, erect, straight to curved, 1–3-septate, medium brown, finely roughened, 50–80 × 4–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, medium brown, finely roughened, 15–60 × 3–4 μm, with several protruding denticles, 1–2 × 1–1.5 μm. Conidia solitary, obclavate, 2-septate, light to medium brown, finely roughened, (23–)27–30(–35) × (5–)6(–7) μm, with a truncate hilum. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 9 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent; reverse transparent. Colonies on MEA 6.5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent, funiculate; reverse ochraceous. Colonies on CMA 5 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent, smooth (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-21841. Ex-holotype culture CBS133597.

Gene sequences: KM484876 (ITS), KM484992 (28S), AB274451 (ACT), AB274484 (CAL), KM485096 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On Cyperus brevifolius and Kyllinga brevifolia (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: Japan, Philippines.

Pseudopyricularia persiana G. Ghorbani, Pordel & Jav.-Nikkh., Persoonia 41: 399. 2018.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA and OA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth. Conidiophores solitary, erect, unbranched to branched, straight, curved to geniculate, 0–5-septate, medium brown, smooth, 137– 332(–380) × 5–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, light brown, smooth, with several protruding denticles. Conidia solitary, obclavate, 2(–3)-septate, hyaline, smooth, (30–)36–52(–65) × 10–13 μm, with a truncate hilum. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 2.6 cm diam after 7 days at 23–25 °C; surface transparent, white; reverse straw. Colonies on OA 4.2 cm diam after 7 days at 23–25 °C; surface transparent, buff (Description from Crous et al., 2018).

Typification: Holotype UTFC-PO20. Ex-holotype culture UTFC-PO21.

Gene sequences: MH780926 (ITS), MH780974 (28S), MH699978 (CAL), MH699975 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Cyperus (Cyperaceae).

Distribution: Iran.

Neopyricularia

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Neopyricularia commelinicola (M.J. Park & H.D. Shin) Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 108. 2014. (Type species).

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On natural substrate, conidiophores simple, unbranched, straight or geniculate, up to 7-septate, hyaline, smooth, 150–530 × 4–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, intercalary, cylindrical, with several protruding denticles. Conidia solitary, pyriform to obclavate, 2-septate, hyaline. Smooth, 27–42(–45) × 10–12.5 μm, with a truncate hilum. Sexual state unknown (Description from Park and Shin, 2009).

Typification: Holotype KUS(F)22838. Ex-holotype culture CBS128308.

Gene sequences: KM484985 (28S), FJ850122 (ITS), KM485175 (ACT), KM485087 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaf spots of Commelina communis (Commelinaceae).

Distribution: South Korea.

Utrechtiana

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Utrechtiana arundinacea (Corda) Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín, Stud. Mycol. 92: 124. 2018.

On natural substrate, conidiophores dimorphic. Macroconidiophores solitary to fasciculate, erect, straight or curved, unbranched, subcylindrical, 1-septate, medium brown, 30–50 × 9–12 μm. Macroconidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, brown, smooth, 20–35 × 7–9 μm. Macroconidia solitary, obpyriform, (1–)2-septate, light brown, finely roughened, (22–)37–42(–45) × (17–)19–20(–21) μm, with a distinct dark brown hilum, 3–4 μm diam. In culture, macroconidiophores up to 6-septate, 100 μm long. Macroconidia slender, pyriform, medium brown, verrucose, 23–50 × 11–15 μm. Microconidiophores branched, subcylindrical, 3–6-septate, light brown, smooth, 15–40 × 3–6 μm. Microconidiogenous cells phialidic, terminal, lateral, fusoid-ellipsoid to ampulliform, light brown, smooth to finely roughened, 5–14 × 3–4 μm. Microconidia subcylindrical, straight to curved, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 7–10 × 1.5–2 μm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on MEA, surface dirty white; reverse olivaceous grey in center, luteous in outer region. Colonies on OA, surface olivaceous grey to iron-grey (Description from Marin-Felix et al., 2019).

Typification: Ex-holotype DAOM19793 (Marin-Felix et al., 2019). Epitype CBSH-23402, MBT380884 (Marin-Felix et al., 2019). Ex-epitype culture CPC33994 (Marin-Felix et al., 2019).

Gene sequences: MG934461 (ITS), MG934468 (ACT), MG934542 (CAL), MG934473 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Phragmites (Poaceae).

Distribution: Worldwide.

Utrechtiana constantinescui (Melnik & Shabunin) Crous & Y. Marín, Stud. Mycol. 92: 126. 2018.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On natural substrate, conidiophores solitary to fasciculate, erect, straight or curved, unbranched, subcylindrical, septate, brown, 10–15 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, cylindrical, brown, smooth, 14.3–35.6 × 6.2–8.1 µm. Conidia solitary, barrel-shaped, 2-septate, light brown, smooth, 34–48 × 17–23.4 µm, with a truncate basal hilum. (Description from Mel’nik and Shabunin, 2011).

Typification: Holotype LE210508. Isotypes D. Triebel, Microfungi Exsiccati no. 537, Mycotheca Graecensis no. 223.

Gene sequences: Unknown.

Hosts/substrates: On leaves of Phragmites australis (Poaceae).

Distribution: Russia.

Utrechtiana roumeguerei (Cavara) Videira & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 87: 412. 2017. (Type species).

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On natural substrate, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 2–4 µm diam. Conidiophores solitary to fasciculate, erect, straight or curved, unbranched, subcylindrical, 1-septate, dark brown, 18–45 × 10–12 µm, with a subglobose base, 10–12 × 10–15 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, brown, finely roughened, 8–20 × 8–10 µm, with a protruding denticle, 3–5 µm diam. Conidia solitary, ellipsoidal, 1-septate, light brown, finely roughened, (25–)26–28(–30) µm long; basal cell (12–)15–17(–19) × (12–)13–15(–18) µm, apical cell (8–)10–12(–15) × 14–15(–16) µm; hilum 3–4 µm diam. Sexual state unknown (Description from Crous et al., 2011).

Typification: Unknown.

Gene sequences: MH865092 (ITS), MH876533 (28S), KM485163 (ACT), KM485232 (CAL), KM485047 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On leaf spots of Phragmites (Poaceae).

Distribution: France, The Netherlands.

Barretomyces

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Barretomyces calatheae (D.J. Soares, F.B. Rocha & R.W. Barreto) Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 104. 2014. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 810206.
    ≡ Pyriculariopsis calatheae D.J. Soares, F.B. Rocha & R.W. Barreto, Mycological Progress 10: 317. 2011.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 2–3.5 µm diam. Conidiophores macronematous, simple, unbranched, solitary, erect, straight to curved, 2–9-septate, medium brown, smooth, 70–160 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal to intercalary, light brown to medium brown, smooth, 20–70 × 5–6 µm, with several protruding denticles, 1–3 × 1–2 µm. Conidia solitary, obclavate, 2-septate, unequally colored, smooth, 28–32 × 6–7 µm, with a truncate hilum; apical cell hyaline to light brown, 9–12 µm long; basal cell hyaline to light brown, 7–9 µm long; median cell, dark brown; hilum 1–1.5 µm diam. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 2.8 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface whitish, transparent with vinaceous-buff center, irregular in shape, felty. Colonies on MEA 3 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface white, round, raised, with a thick, furry texture. Colonies on CMA 3.3 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface white to pale mouse grey, round with entire edge, flat, felty, exuding droplets. Colonies on OA 3.2 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface white with a mouse grey center (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype VIC30699. Ex-holotype culture CBMAI1060.

Gene sequences: KM484950 (28S), KM484831 (ITS), KM485162 (ACT), KM485231 (CAL), KM485045 (RPB1).

Hosts/substrates: On Calathea longifolia (Marantaceae).

Distribution: Brazil.

Bambusicularia

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Bambusicularia brunnea Klaubauf, Lebrun & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 104. 2014. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 810204.

Asexual state pyricularia-like. On SNA with sterile barley seeds, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 2–3 µm diam. Conidiophores macronematous, simple, unbranched, solitary, erect, straight to curved, 5–7-septate, dark brown, finely roughened, 280–500 × 5–7 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal to intercalary, light brown to brown, finely roughened, 20–120 × 4–6 µm, with several protruding denticles, 1–2 × 1.5–2 µm. Conidia solitary, ellipsoidal to obclavate, 2-septate, hyaline to brown, finely roughened, 21–25 × 10–11 µm with a truncate hilum; apical cell 4–7 µm long; basal cell 6–9 µm long; hilum 0.5–1 × 1.5–2 µm. Sexual state unknown.

Colonies on PDA 3.7 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent with white center, flat, round, slightly cottony; margin diffuse, hairy. Colonies on MEA 3.8 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface white, round, cottony, slightly raised; reverse ochraceous. Colonies on CMA and OA 3.3 cm diam after 7 days at 25 °C in dark; surface transparent, smooth, flat, round (Description from Klaubauf et al., 2014).

Typification: Holotype CBSH-21839. Ex-holotype culture CBS133599.

Gene sequences: NG058671 (28S), NR145387 (ITS), AB274449 (ACT), AB274482 (CAL), KM485044 (RPB1), AB274466 (TUB).

Hosts/substrates: On Sasa and Phyllostachys bambusoides (Poaceae).

Distribution: Japan (Aichi).

Pseudohalonectria

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Pseudohalonectria adversaria Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1945. 1989.

Pseudohalonectria aomoriensis Yas. Ono & Tak. Kobay., Mycoscience 42(5): 440. 2001.

Pseudohalonectria eubenangeensis K.D. Hyde, Joanne E. Taylor & J. Fröhl., Mycologia 91(3): 520. 1999.

Pseudohalonectria fagicola R.H. Perera, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 278(2): 124. 2016.

Pseudohalonectria falcata Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1945. 1989.

Pseudohalonectria fuxianii L. Cai, K.M. Tsui, K.Q. Zhang & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 9: 63. 2002.

Pseudohalonectria halophila Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., in Kohlmeyer, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer & Tsui, Bot. Mar. 48(4): 310. 2005.

Pseudohalonectria hampshirensis R.H. Perera, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 278(2): 127. 2016.

Pseudohalonectria lignicola Minoura & T. Muroi, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 19(2): 132. 1978. (Type species).

Pseudohalonectria longirostrum Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1946. 1989.

Pseudohalonectria lutea Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1950. 1989.

Pseudohalonectria miscanthicola Shenoy, Jeewon & K.D. Hyde, Cryptog. Mycol. 26(2): 125. 2005.

Pseudohalonectria palmicola K.D. Hyde, Joanne E. Taylor & J. Fröhl., Mycologia 91(3): 522. 1999.

Pseudohalonectria tayloriae K.D. Hyde & J. Fröhl. Cryptog. Mycol. 24(1): 18. 2003.

Ophioceras

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Ophioceras aquaticus D.M. Hu, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde, Mycologia 104(6): 1478-1489. 2012.

Ophioceras arcuatisporum Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 146. 1999.

Ophioceras bambusae Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 118: 337. 1909.

Ophioceras cecropiae E. Müll., Kew Bull. 19(3): 383. 1965.

Ophioceras chiangdaoense Thongk., Lumyong & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 34: 160. 2009.

Ophioceras commune Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 146. 1999.

Ophioceras corni Richon, Cat. Champ. Marn.: 524. 1889.

Ophioceras dolichostomum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 358. 1883. (Type species).

Ophioceras filiforme (Henn.) Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 120: 432. 1911.

Ophioceras friesii (Mont.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 359. 1883.

Ophioceras fusiforme Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 149. 1999.

Ophioceras guttulatum K.M. Tsui, H.Y.M. Leung, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss, Mycoscience 42(4): 321. 2001.

Ophioceras hongkongense K.M. Tsui, H.Y.M. Leung, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss, Mycoscience 42(4): 322. 2001.

Ophioceras hyptidis Henn., Hedwigia 34: 108. 1895.

Ophioceras hystrix (Ces.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 359. 1883.

Ophioceras leptosporum (S.H. Iqbal) J. Walker, Mycotaxon 11(1): 62. 1980.

Ophioceras macrocarpum (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 359. 1883.

Ophioceras majusculum Penz. & Sacc., Malpighia 11: 409. 1897.

Ophioceras miyazakiense Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 10: 159. 2003.

Ophioceras ohiense Ellis & Everh., N. Amer. Pyren. (Newfield): 198. 1892.

Ophioceras palmae K.M. Tsui, H.Y.M. Leung, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss, Mycoscience 42(4): 322. 2001.

Ophioceras parasiticum Teng, Sinensia 4(12): 370. 1934.

Ophioceras petrakii Tilak, S.B. Kale & S.V.S. Kale, Sydowia 23(1-6): 17. 1970.

Ophioceras sambuci Pass., Atti R. Acad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., sér. 4 6: 7. 1890.

Ophioceras sorghi Saccas, Agronomía trop. 9: 285. 1954.

Ophioceras tambopataense Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 10: 163. 2003.

Ophioceras tenuisporum Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 149. 1999.

Ophioceras therryanum (Sacc. & Roum.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 360. 1883.

Ophioceras tjibodense Penz. & Sacc., Malpighia 11(9-10): 409. 1897.

Ophioceras venezuelense Shearer, J.L. Crane & W. Chen, Mycologia 91(1): 151. 1999.

Ophioceras zeae Saccas, Revue de Pathologe Végetale et d’Entom. Agric. de France 30: 186. 1951.

Muraeriata

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Muraeriata africana Huhndorf & Mugambi, Mycologia 100(6): 948. 2008.
MycoBank: MB 508756.

Ascomata perithecial, gregarious, superficial or immersed, globose to subglobose, collapsing when dry, dark brown to black, roughened, 325–525 µm diam, with a cylindrical, hyaline to brownish neck, 500–650 × 130–170 µm. Ascomatal wall 3-layered. Paraphyses septate, hyaline, 3.5–6 µm wide. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 90–110 × 13–16 µm, with a tall, refractive ring, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 µm. Ascospores fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 3-septate, not or slightly constricted at septum, hyaline, smooth, 35–48 × 2.7–3.7 µm. Asexual state unknown (Description from Huhndorf et al., 2008).

Typification: Holotype EA G.K. Mugambi (GKM) 1084, Isotype F GKM1084.

Gene sequences: EU527995 (28S).

Hosts/substrates: On bark or wood.

Distribution: Kenya.

Muraeriata collapsa Huhndorf, Greif, Mugambi & A.N. Mill., Mycologia 100(6): 949. 2008. (Type species).
MycoBank: MB 508757.

Ascomata perithecial, gregarious, superficial or immersed, globose to subglobose, collapsing when dry, dark brown to black, roughened, 500–950 µm diam, with a cylindrical, hyaline to brownish neck, 1700–3500 × 150–250 µm. Ascomatal wall 3-layered. Paraphyses septate, hyaline, 4–6.5 µm wide. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, 100–125 × 8–12 µm, with a tall, refractive ring, 2–2.3 × 1.5–1.9 µm. Ascospores fusiform, straight, or slightly curved, 3-septate, not or slightly constricted at septum, hyaline, smooth, 45–52 × 3.7–4.3 µm. Asexual state unknown (Description from Huhndorf et al., 2008).

Typification: Holotype USJ S.M. Huhndorf (SMH) 4553. Isotype F SMH4553.

Gene sequences: EU527996 (28S).

Hosts/substrates: On bark or wood.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Ecuador.

Copyright 2022 by The American Phytopathological Society. Reproduced, by permission, from Luo, J., and Zhang, N. 2022. The Rice Blast Fungus and Allied Species: A Monograph of the Fungal Order Magnaporthales (https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/Product-Detail.aspx?WebsiteKey=2661527A-8D44-496C-A730-8CFEB6239BE7&iProductCode=46826). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.